name node_type short_name functional_cluster_id reaction_id reaction_type reaction_effect additional_information pathway all_pathways description evidence_sentence experimental_techniques external_links family function classification components ath_homologues nta_homologues osa_homologues stu_homologues sly_homologues rx00669 Reaction rx00669 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00666 Reaction rx00666 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00215 Reaction rx00215 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00568 Reaction rx00568 protein activation activation REDUCED HYPEROSMOLALITY-INDUCED [Ca2+]cyt INCREASE 1 (OSCA1), a potential osmosensor is involved in hyperosmotic stress-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00479-6,pmid:35513718 rx00569 Reaction rx00569 protein activation activation new reference where i found the functional cluster: doi:10.1111/pce.12351,pmid: 24738645 Under osmotic stress conditions such as drought and high salinity, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in stress-responsive gene expression mainly through three bZIP transcription factors, AREB1/ABF2, AREB2/ABF4 and ABF3, which are activated by SNF1-related kinase 2s (SnRK2s) such as SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3 (SRK2D/E/I).Here, we report that ABF1 is a functional homolog of AREB1, AREB2, and ABF3 in ABA-dependent gene expression from a comparative analysis between the areb1 areb2 abf3 abf1 and areb1 areb2 abf3 mutants. Therefore, in the presence of ABA, SnRK2 can phosphorylate its downstream targets, the ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs) (i.e., ABF1, ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4)---nature ref 65 doi:10.1104/pp.108.129791,doi:10.3390/ijms21030819,pmid:19126699,pmid:32012796 rx00570 Reaction rx00570 protein activation activation SnRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Type- A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 5 (ARR5), a negative regulator of cytokinin signalling, promotes its protein stability, thereby downregulating cytokinin responses during drought stress doi:10.1016/j.molp.2018.05.001,pmid: 29753021 rx00218 Reaction rx00218 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00219 Reaction rx00219 binding/oligomerisation activation Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00532 Reaction rx00532 catalysis activation Three different pathways for the synthesis of BA have been proposed for plants: (1) CA oxidized by CoA-independent reactions in the cytosol, (2) CA activated with CoA and proceed through one cycle of peroxisomal β-oxidation, (3) CoA-dependent but β-oxidation-independent, pathway that combines elements of the first two pathways. Our results indicate that CA is [...] activated by BZO1 to produce cinnamoyl-CoA for β-oxidation. mutants,quantification of individual glucosinolates, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, chromatography doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807,doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05096.x rx00087 Reaction rx00087 binding/oligomerisation activation We show that EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 are present in a single complex in planta. While this complex is preferentially nuclear localized, it can be redirected to the cytoplasm in the presence of an extranuclear form of EDS1. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.19.5400,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002318 rx00090 Reaction rx00090 binding/oligomerisation activation Check if this simplification would work (instead of 2 reactions for EDS1 and PAD4 separately, increase/decrease complex synthesis).These results indicate that the MPK3/MPK6 cascade regulates camalexin synthesis through transcriptional regulation of the biosynthetic genes after pathogen infection doi:10.1073/pnas.0711301105,doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02557.x rx00664 Reaction rx00664 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00665 Reaction rx00665 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00668 Reaction rx00668 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00663 Reaction rx00663 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00220 Reaction rx00220 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00221 Reaction rx00221 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00607 Reaction rx00607 transcriptional/translational activation activation Promoter fragments of the NAC072, NAC019, and NAC055 genes contain ABRE motifs, and was bound either ABF3 or ABF4 according to yeast one-hybrid assays Y2H, qPCR pmid:23578292,doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00226 Reaction rx00226 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00227 Reaction rx00227 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00671 Reaction rx00671 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00672 Reaction rx00672 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00194 Reaction rx00194 binding/oligomerisation inhibition doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011342 rx00197 Reaction rx00197 protein deactivation inhibition Original reaction had ntaSAMS1 (Q9M7K8 in SwissProt), closest match in TAIR10 is AT2G36880 (SAM3). HC-Pro from PVA with LC-MS/MS. Collectively, our results suggest that, during potyvirus infection, HCPro acts together with other viral proteins to inhibit SAM synthesis, one of the most critical steps in the methionine cycle. [...] In potyvirus-infected cells, HCPro acts together with other viral proteins to locally inhibit SAMS and SAHH. doi:10.1111/tpj.13088 rx00198 Reaction rx00198 protein deactivation inhibition Original reaction had ntaSAHH (P68173 in SwissProt), closest match in TAIR10 is AT4G13940 (SAHH2). HC-Pro from PVA with LC-MS/MS. Collectively, our results suggest that, during potyvirus infection, HCPro acts together with other viral proteins to inhibit SAM synthesis, one of the most critical steps in the methionine cycle. [...] In potyvirus-infected cells, HCPro acts together with other viral proteins to locally inhibit SAMS and SAHH. doi:10.1111/tpj.13088,doi:10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0037-r rx00053 Reaction rx00053 binding/oligomerisation activation Bind themselves, then additionally also LRR receptors. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658 rx00673 Reaction rx00673 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00199 Reaction rx00199 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reaction had ntaAGO1 (D6RUV9 in SwissProt), closest match in TAIR10 is AT1G48410 (AGO1). HC-Pro from PVA with Y2H. [...] we demonstrated that HCPro and AGO1 [...] interact with each other [...] in planta. These results [...] suggest the possibility that HCPro acts as an RNA silencing suppressor. doi:10.1111/tpj.13088,pmid:33031436,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008965 rx00054 Reaction rx00054 binding/oligomerisation activation Bind themselves, then additionally CC receptors (exception for HRT vs. TCV). doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658 rx00200 Reaction rx00200 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reaction had ntaAGO1 (D6RUV9 in SwissProt), closest match in TAIR10 is AT1G48410 (AGO1). CI from PVA with Y2H. doi:10.1111/tpj.13088 rx00201 Reaction rx00201 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reactions had ntaCPIP2(b) (Q6EIX7 in SwissProt), with closest match in TAIR10 as AT1G10350 (DNAJ heat shock family protein), and ntaCPIP2a (Q6EIX8 in SwissProt) with closest match in TAIR10 as AT3G08910 (DNAJ heat shock family protein). ntCPIPs or capsid protein interacting proteins are DnaJ-like proteins. CP from PVY with Y2H, BiFC and functional. doi:10.1128/jvi.01525-07 rx00546 Reaction rx00546 protein deactivation inhibition Experiment in mammal, yeast, conserved in plants We demonstrated that ATG13 was directly phosphorylated by mTOR [...] Based on these results, we conclude that phosphorylation of ATG13 on Ser-224 and Ser-258 inhibits autophagy initiation LC-MS/MS, CRISPR-CAS9 Knock-out, Kinase Assay, Phosphatase Assay doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.689646,pmid:26801615,pmid:29986898,doi:10.1242/dev.160887 rx00204 Reaction rx00204 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reaction had ntDXS (EU650419 in GenBank), closest match in TAIR10 is AT4G15560 (DXPS2). Tobacco chloroplast protein 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (NtDXS). HC-Pro from PVY with Y2H, CoIP, GST. doi:10.1111/pce.12526 rx00205 Reaction rx00205 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reaction had ntaCF1-beta (P00826 in SwissProt; Z00044.2 in GenBank), closest match in TAIR10 is ATCG00480 (ATPB). NtCF1-beta is a subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase. HC-Pro may interfere with the assembly of NtCF1β -subunit into the whole enzyme. HC-Pro from PVY with Y1H. doi:10.1038/srep15605 rx00055 Reaction rx00055 binding/oligomerisation activation Bind themselves, then additionally other receptors (e.g. RPM). doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658 rx00207 Reaction rx00207 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Original reaction had ntaMinD (A8S9M2 in SwissProt; accession from the article 911359), closest match in TAIR10 is AT5G24020 (MIND1). Chloroplast division-related factor NtMinD. HC-Pro from PVY with Y2H, BiFC. We demonstrated that HC-Pro reduces the ATPase activity of NtMinD and enlarged chloroplasts are observed in HC-Pro transgenic tobacco. doi:10.1094/mpmi-20-12-1505,doi:/10.1371/journal.pone.0136210 rx00211 Reaction rx00211 binding/oligomerisation inhibition HC-Pro from PVY with Y2H, BiFC. Arabidopsis 20S proteasome subunits. Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004,doi:10.1128/jvi.00913-07 rx00212 Reaction rx00212 binding/oligomerisation inhibition HC-Pro from PVY with Y2H, BiFC. Arabidopsis 20S proteasome subunits. doi:10.1128/jvi.00913-07 rx00099 Reaction rx00099 binding/oligomerisation activation NPR binds TGA, NIMIN competitively binds NPR (thus inhibiting NPR). Complex NPR-TGA then activates PR1, PR2 and PR5. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x,doi:10.1105/tpc.104.027441 rx00903 Reaction rx00903 protein activation activation MeCLA, but not CL and CLA, could induce the shift of melting temperature of AtD14 protein as did GR24 These results demonstrate that MeCLA, but not CL or CLA, can directly interact with AtD14 protein and induce the conformational change of the protein structure to transmit a signal as does GR24. differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), LC-MS/MS doi:10.1073/pnas.1410801111 rx00057 Reaction rx00057 binding/oligomerisation activation Potato resistance proteins Rx, Rx2, and GREEN PEACH APHID2 interact with RanGAP2. This interaction is required for specific recognition of PVX coat protein (and resistance against it). doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658 rx00059 Reaction rx00059 binding/oligomerisation activation Potato resistance proteins Rx, Rx2, and GREEN PEACH APHID2 interact with RanGAP2. This interaction is required for specific recognition of PVX coat protein (and resistance against it). doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658 rx00571 Reaction rx00571 transcriptional/translational activation activation This is the new evidence: We found that ABF3 and ABF4 bind to the promoter region of SOC1 and regulate its transcription, acting with the NF-Y complex. Here they specificaly looked and ABF3/4 to activate SOC1. ABF3 and ABF4 can directly induce the transcription of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), another key flowering gene doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.002,pmid:30639313 rx00213 Reaction rx00213 binding/oligomerisation inhibition HC-Pro from PVY with Y2H, BiFC. Arabidopsis 20S proteasome subunits. doi:10.1128/jvi.00913-07 rx00229 Reaction rx00229 binding/oligomerisation activation Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00230 Reaction rx00230 binding/oligomerisation activation Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00231 Reaction rx00231 binding/oligomerisation activation Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00232 Reaction rx00232 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00233 Reaction rx00233 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00667 Reaction rx00667 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00674 Reaction rx00674 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00580 Reaction rx00580 protein deactivation inhibition Inhibition was tested in vitro only: A methyltransferase inhibition assay was carried out to analyse the effect of the ZYMV HC-Pro on HEN1 activity. The inhibition assay was performed according to Yu et al. (2005) with some modifications. Here, we demonstrated that recombinant Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) HC-Pro inhibited the methyltransferase activity of HEN1 in vitro methyltransferase inhibition assay doi:10.1099/vir.0.031534-0 rx00608 Reaction rx00608 degradation/secretion inhibition we need to decide if we need to split AREB/ARF functional cluster into several there was a strong interaction between DELLA proteins and ABF2 doi:10.3390/ijms21030819,pmid:32012796 rx00619 Reaction rx00619 degradation/secretion inhibition we followed a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening to identify 378 novel virus-host protein-protein interactions between Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) High throughput yeast two-hybrid (HT-Y2H) doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-149993/v1 rx00515 Reaction rx00515 catalysis activation EPS1, a BAHD acyltransferase-family protein, ..... produces SA from the isochorismoyl-glutamate A substrate mutant, MS, in vitro enzyme assays, reconstitution in N. benthy doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.005 rx00234 Reaction rx00234 protein deactivation inhibition doi:10.1111/tpj.12016 rx00237 Reaction rx00237 binding/oligomerisation activation doi:10.3390/plants3010160 rx00242 Reaction rx00242 binding/oligomerisation activation fosforilytion of WRKY33 releases WRKY33 from MKS1 inhibition doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600737 rx00214 Reaction rx00214 binding/oligomerisation inhibition Elena's gathered literature and PPIs (Y2H). doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00283 Reaction rx00283 binding/oligomerisation activation doi:10.1038/nature04028,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.047415 rx00613 Reaction rx00613 degradation/secretion inhibition The DELLA-CO interactions repressed the transcriptional function of CO protein doi:10.1104/pp.16.00891,pmid:27406167 rx00289 Reaction rx00289 binding/oligomerisation activation doi:10.1104/pp.112.200956 rx00292 Reaction rx00292 binding/oligomerisation inhibition doi:10.1104/pp.112.200956 rx00122 Reaction rx00122 binding/oligomerisation inhibition output is WRKY53-ESR complex doi:10.1105/tpc.106.042705 rx00125 Reaction rx00125 binding/oligomerisation activation With WRKY30 as bait, reporter genes were activated in yeast co-transformed with WRKY53, WRKY54, or WRKY70 as a prey. When WRKY54 or WRKY70 were used as bait, the observed interaction with WRKY30 was confirmed in both cases. doi:10.1093/jxb/err450 rx00128 Reaction rx00128 binding/oligomerisation inhibition modulation of JA induced sensescence (in not ET induced senscence) doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117838 rx00130 Reaction rx00130 binding/oligomerisation inhibition modulation of JA induced sensescence (in not ET induced senscence) doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117838 rx00156 Reaction rx00156 binding/oligomerisation activation scarecrow14 (gras protein) doi:10.1105/tpc.108.058974 rx00159 Reaction rx00159 binding/oligomerisation inhibition mechanism of inhibition: competition, less JAZ to block MYC2 doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00170 rx00162 Reaction rx00162 binding/oligomerisation inhibition GA and JA Synergistically and Mutually Dependently Regulate Trichome Formation doi:10.1105/tpc.113.121731 rx00295 Reaction rx00295 binding/oligomerisation activation doi:10.1126/science.1081077,doi:10.1105/tpc.010827 rx00310 Reaction rx00310 binding/oligomerisation inhibition LSD1 interacted with all three catalases both in vitro and in vivo, and the interaction required the zinc fingers of LSD. catalase enzyme activity was partially dependent on LSD1. doi:10.1104/pp.113.225805 rx00312 Reaction rx00312 protein activation activation CAT2 Promotes the Activityof ACX2/ACX3 ( (tested by MALDI TOF of substrate and product) through Direct Interaction (tested by Y2H, pulldown and BIFC) doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.007 rx00319 Reaction rx00319 binding/oligomerisation activation MAX2 binds to the activated D14 to induce SL-mediated ubiquitination (signalling) doi:10.1038/nature19073 rx00323 Reaction rx00323 catalysis activation MEV pathway - major in cZ synthesis kegg:map00908 rx00333 Reaction rx00333 catalysis activation cZ synthesis ADK is in fact phosphorylating CK ribosides. [...] All of the CK ribosides analyzed (iPR, ZR, cZR, and dihydrozeatin riboside [DZR]) showed significant accumulation in both sADK and amiADK plants. transgenes, microRNA silencing, Bradford enzyme assay, phenotyping, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, HPLC-MS/MS, radioactive labeled metabolites, doi:10.1104/pp.111.181560 rx00336 Reaction rx00336 catalysis activation cZ degradation UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 recognized all cytokinins and glucosylated the hormones at the N7 and N9 positions. UGT85A1, UGT73C5, and UGT73C1 recognized trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, which have an available hydroxyl group for glucosylation and formed the O-glucosides. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409569200,kegg:ath00908,doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00741 rx00670 Reaction rx00670 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00345 Reaction rx00345 catalysis activation DHZ synthesis ADK is in fact phosphorylating CK ribosides. [...] All of the CK ribosides analyzed (iPR, ZR, cZR, and dihydrozeatin riboside [DZR]) showed significant accumulation in both sADK and amiADK plants. transgenes, microRNA silencing, Bradford enzyme assay, phenotyping, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, HPLC-MS/MS, radioactive labeled metabolites, doi:10.1104/pp.111.181560 rx00384 Reaction rx00384 protein activation activation doi:10.1002/cbin.10805 rx00385 Reaction rx00385 protein activation activation doi:10.1002/cbin.10805 rx00386 Reaction rx00386 protein activation activation doi:10.1002/cbin.10805 rx00387 Reaction rx00387 protein activation activation doi:10.1002/cbin.10805 rx00001 Reaction rx00001 catalysis activation SAMS catalyse L-Met to SAMe reaction. aracyc:ethyl-pwy rx00100 Reaction rx00100 binding/oligomerisation inhibition NPR binds TGA, NIMIN competitively binds NPR (thus inhibiting NPR). Complex NPR-TGA then activates PR1, PR2 and PR5. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x rx00002 Reaction rx00002 catalysis activation ACS catalyse ACC to SAMe reaction. aracyc:ethyl-pwy rx00003 Reaction rx00003 catalysis activation ACO catalyse ACC to ET reaction. aracyc:ethyl-pwy rx00014 Reaction rx00014 catalysis activation Nonenzymatically activates oxylipin synthesis. (E)nzymatic oxidation of ALA leads to JA synthesis, whereas its nonenzymatic oxidation by ROS generates MDA. [...] The oxidation of TFAs by ROS leads to the generation of many lipid oxidation products including MDA doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.018,doi:10.1074/jbc.M807114200 rx00020 Reaction rx00020 catalysis activation Original reaction: TD instead of OMR1 (nbe). doi:10.1105/tpc.106.041103,doi:10.1104/pp.107.095588 rx00026 Reaction rx00026 catalysis activation Lipoxygenase: stroma-localized plastid 13-LOX2. LOX biosynthetic enzymes, the products of which are targeted to the chloroplast. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004 rx00029 Reaction rx00029 catalysis activation Allene oxide synthase: biosynthetic enzymes, the products of which are targeted to the chloroplast. The committed step of JA biosynthesis. In enzymology, the committed step (also known as the first committed step) is an effectively irreversible enzymatic reaction that occurs at a branch point during the biosynthesis of some molecules. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.032,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004 rx00030 Reaction rx00030 catalysis activation Allene oxide cyclase: biosynthetic enzymes, the products of which are targeted to the chloroplast. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.032,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004 rx00033 Reaction rx00033 catalysis activation A peroxisomal OPDA reductase (OPR) catalyzes the subsequent step in JA biosynthesis, i.e. the reduction of the cyclopentenone ring of (9S,13S)-OPDA and dnOPDA to 3-oxo-2-(20(Z)-pentenyl)- cyclopentane-1-octanoic (OPC-8:0) acid. The reduction of the cyclopentenone ring may therefore be particularly important, as it controls the relative levels of these two classes of signaling molecules. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00107 Reaction rx00107 binding/oligomerisation activation This is the basis for ETI. R-gene HRT, which encodes a coiled-coil (CC), nucleotidebinding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class resistance (R) protein doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02241.x rx00110 Reaction rx00110 binding/oligomerisation activation In CellDesigner this is shown as a two-step reaction. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.02.010 rx00034 Reaction rx00034 catalysis activation OPC-8:0 produced by OPR3 is activated by a carboxyl-CoA ligase encoded by OPCL1. Prior to entry into the b-oxidation cycle, the carboxylic moiety needs to be activated as CoA ester. Loss-of-function mutants for OPCL1 hyper-accumulate OPC-8:0, OPC-6:0, and OPC-4:0 suggesting a partial metabolic block in OPC-CoA ester formation. However, about 50% of wild-type levels remain in the mutants indicating that OPCL1 is responsible for only part of the wound-induced JA production, and that additional acyl-CoA synthetases may be involved. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00035 Reaction rx00035 catalysis activation Acyl-CoA oxidase: In Arabidopsis, five genes appear to en-code acyl-CoA oxidases (ACX1-ACX5, with varying chain-length specificities). Mutant analysis indicated that ACX1 and ACX5 act redundantly in initiating β-oxidation of OPC-8:0-CoA. Beta-oxidation itself involves three core enzymes, acyl-CoA oxi-dase (ACX), multifunctional protein (MFP; comprising enoyl-CoA hydratase and b-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00036 Reaction rx00036 catalysis activation Multifunctional protein combining activities of: enoyl-CoA hydratase and beta-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Two-step process as presented in AraCyc (jasmonic acid biosynthesis). In Arabidopsis, two genes encode MFP. Beta-oxidation itself involves three core enzymes, acyl-CoA oxi-dase (ACX), multifunctional protein (MFP; comprising enoyl-CoA hydratase and b-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00037 Reaction rx00037 catalysis activation 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase: In Arabidopsis, three genes encode the thiolase. Beta-oxidation itself involves three core enzymes, acyl-CoA oxi-dase (ACX), multifunctional protein (MFP; comprising enoyl-CoA hydratase and b-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00038 Reaction rx00038 catalysis activation Acyl-thioesterases: As the final step in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, jasmonoyl-CoA is supposedly hydrolyzed to release the free acid. Candidate acyl-thioesterases have been identified in Arabidopsis, two of which appear to be peroxisomal (AtACH1 and AtACH2) (Tilton et al., 2000, 2004), but a direct involvement in JA biosynthesis remains to be shown. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.032 rx00040 Reaction rx00040 catalysis activation Jasmonate carboxyl methyltransferase: JMT converts JA to the volatile compound MeJA. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004,doi:10.1073/pnas.081557298,pmid:11287667 rx00041 Reaction rx00041 catalysis activation Jasmonate resistant 1 (JAR): a homologue (AT4G03400) short name is GH3 - gretchen hagen 3, responsive to auxin stimulus, both are induced by auxin. Conjugation of JA to Ile by JAR1 produces JA-Ile. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004 rx00042 Reaction rx00042 catalysis activation JA-Ile into 12-OH-JA-Ile actually. Cytochrome P450 CYP94B3 mediates catabolism and inactivation of the plant hormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103542108 rx00056 Reaction rx00056 catalysis activation In tobacco, protein StMES1 converts MeSA to SA, with enzyme homologues NtSABP2 and AtMES9. Original reaction had StMES1 (homologous enzyme is NtSABP2 and AtMES9). StMES1 displays SA-inhibitable MeSA esterase activity in vitro. doi:10.1094/mpmi-23-9-1151,aracyc:pwy-4203,doi:10.1104/pp.113.218156 rx00620 Reaction rx00620 binding/oligomerisation inhibition The results (Table 1) showed that VPg proteins of PSbMV, LMV, and TuMV, but not TEV, interacted with products of At5g48160 and At3g07780 (named PVIP1 and PVIP2) and of PVIPp and PVIPnb. Yeast-2-Hybrid doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2301-2309.2004 rx00069 Reaction rx00069 catalysis activation doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x rx00073 Reaction rx00073 catalysis activation Not stress regulated. aracyc:pwy-3461/3462 rx00076 Reaction rx00076 catalysis activation aracyc:pwy-6457 rx00459 Reaction rx00459 binding/oligomerisation inhibition PYL6 was able to modify transcription driven by MYC2 using JAZ6 and JAZ8 DNA promoter elements in yeast one hybrid assays (I would say weak evidence for transcriptional regulation so, kept just interaction) PYL6 and MYC2 interact in yeast two hybrid assays and the interaction is enhanced in the presence of ABA. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in planta based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation of the proteins Y2H, BiFC, CO-IP doi:10.1038/srep28941 rx00083 Reaction rx00083 catalysis activation aracyc:pwy-4203,doi:10.1104/pp.113.218156 rx00547 Reaction rx00547 protein deactivation inhibition Experiment in mammal, yeast, conserved in plants (Ulk1 is the ATG1 homologue) mTORC1 inhibits Ulk1 activation by phosphorylating Ulk1 Ser 757 kinase assay, Lambda phosphatase, pulldown assay, GFP–LC3 fluorescence analysis doi:10.1038/ncb2152,pmid:21258367,pmid:29986898,doi:10.1242/dev.160887 rx00086 Reaction rx00086 catalysis activation aracyc:RXN-11658,doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01041.x rx00131 Reaction rx00131 catalysis activation Redox/ROS scavenging. For Arabidopsis and Nicotiana in chloroplasts, SOD (superoxide dismutase) rapidly converts superoxide (O2.-) to H2O2. The substrates of this reaction are superoxide (O2.-) and oxygen(O2), omitted for simplicity. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03191.x rx00132 Reaction rx00132 catalysis activation Redox/ROS scavenging. For Arabidopsis and Nicotiana another major source of ROS generation are the plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases (part of the electron transport chains in chloroplasts and mitochondria). doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03191.x rx00134 Reaction rx00134 catalysis activation Redox/ROS scavenging. Chloroplast doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03191.x rx00264 Reaction rx00264 catalysis activation encoded by single gene;https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00265 Reaction rx00265 catalysis activation encoded by single gene; https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00266 Reaction rx00266 catalysis activation encoded by single gene; https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00267 Reaction rx00267 catalysis activation Catalyses three sucessive oxidations of ent-kaurenoic acid; https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00268 Reaction rx00268 catalysis activation https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00269 Reaction rx00269 catalysis activation https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00270 Reaction rx00270 catalysis activation only GA4,GA3 and GA1, GA7 are active forms of gibberellins; https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00271 Reaction rx00271 catalysis activation only GA4,GA3 and GA1, GA7 are active forms of gibberellins. doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00273 Reaction rx00273 catalysis activation C19 GA2oxs identified in various plant species can hydroxylate the C-2 of active C19-GAs (GA1 and GA4); https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00274 Reaction rx00274 catalysis activation C19 GA2oxs identified in various plant species can hydroxylate the C-2 of active C19-GAs (GA1 and GA4); https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00904 doi:10.1042/bj20120245,kegg:map00904 rx00301 Reaction rx00301 catalysis activation doi:10.1105/tpc.106.044602 rx00314 Reaction rx00314 catalysis activation D27 is a b-carotene isomerase that converts all-trans-b-carotene into 9-cis-b-carotene doi:10.1126/science.1215933 rx00317 Reaction rx00317 catalysis activation MAX1 subfamily may convert CL into CLA (Output_1) and MeCLA (Output_2); or CL and 4DO (Output_3); or CL, 4DO and orobanchol (Output_4) depending on the MAX1 class; The resulting product, carlactone (CL), is the common precursor for all known SLs, but must be modified by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family to form carlactonoic acid (CLA) or other active derivatives doi:10.1111/nph.15055,doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6 rx00321 Reaction rx00321 catalysis activation methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway doi:10.1104/pp.104.058735 rx00322 Reaction rx00322 catalysis activation MEP pathway - major in iP synthesis kegg:map00908 rx00693 Reaction rx00693 catalysis activation "DAD1 mRNA was maximally accumulated within 1 hr after wounding and returned to the basal level by 8 hr. The time course was similar to the expression of the LOX, AOS, AOC, and OPR genes of Arabidopsis and tomato [...] The wound-induced accumulation of DAD1 mRNA suggests its contribution to the wound induction of JA. However, more than a 100-fold induction of JA can be detected in both dad1 and wild-type leaves after wounding (S. Ishiguro, unpublished results), indicating that some lipolytic enzyme(s) other than DAD1 must be present to participate in the wound induction of JA. " We show that the DAD1 gene encodes a particular phospholipase A1 (PLA1) lipolytic enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of JA biosynthesis. mutant, gas chromatography–selected ion monitoring, cloning, PCR, (RT)-PCR, tansgenic Plants, doi:10.1105/tpc.010192,pmid:11595796 rx00548 Reaction rx00548 protein activation activation Extensive research has demonstrated that TOR acts as a master regulator to sense and transduce nutrient, energy, hormone, growth factor and stress inputs into metabolic and biological processes that fuel cellular, tissue and organismal growth. various doi:10.1242/dev.160887,pmid:29986898 rx00694 Reaction rx00396 translocation activation To analyze whether the affinity increased in a membrane environment, the recombinant JASSY protein was incorporated into liposomes. Indeed, MST measurements with JASSY proteoliposomes and OPDA revealed a much stronger binding event with a KD of 12.8 ± 3.6 µM (Fig. 5A)." (describing interaction between OPDA and JASSY when JASSY is incorporated in liposomes) "we treated pea OEs with several chaotropic reagents to analyze the mode of membrane interaction (SI Appendix, Fig. S1B). After treatment with 1 M NaCl, 6 M urea, 0.1 M Na2CO3, and 2 M NaBr, JASSY remained entirely in the insoluble fraction after centrifugation in all cases. Only treatment with 0.1 NaOH released a portion of the JASSY protein from the membrane. As a control, membranes were incubated with 1% SDS, which resulted in total solubilization of JASSY." (for JASSY being stably inserted into the outer envelope of the chloroplast) While OPDA addition led to a sixfold increase in gating frequency on average, no significant change in gating frequency or any other determined channel characteristics was observed after addition of ethanol or JA (Fig. 6G)." (describing translocation of OPDA via JASSY) The electrophysiological experiments were performed using the planar lipid bilayer technique (OPDA translocation), microscale thermophoresis for binding of OPDA to JASSY, chloroplast isolation, SDS PAGE and immunoblotting for confirmation of JASSY localization in the outer envelope of the chloroplast doi:10.1073/pnas.1900482116 rx00348 Reaction rx00348 catalysis activation DHZ degradation UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 recognized all cytokinins and glucosylated the hormones at the N7 and N9 positions. UGT85A1, UGT73C5, and UGT73C1 recognized trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, which have an available hydroxyl group for glucosylation and formed the O-glucosides. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409569200,kegg:ath00908,doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00741 rx00643 Reaction rx00643 catalysis activation based on forward reaction rx00368 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08072,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00644 Reaction rx00644 catalysis activation based on forward reaction rx00356 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08073,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00018 Reaction rx00018 binding/oligomerisation activation actually binding - acts as inhibition as it outcompetes bdingin to promotor, can be extended to include binding to HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6) 'interacts with JAZs and EIN3/EIL1 as a co-repressor' doi:10.3389/fpls.2012.00041,doi:10.1093/jxb/eru349 rx00043 Reaction rx00043 binding/oligomerisation activation JA-Ile: jasmonoyl-isoleucine. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004,doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.11.011 rx00645 Reaction rx00645 catalysis activation based on forward reaction rx00344 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08074,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00646 Reaction rx00646 catalysis activation based on forward reaction rx00332 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08080,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00636 Reaction rx00636 binding/oligomerisation inhibition The present BiFC study clearly demonstrates a CI self-interaction and interactions with all of the other PPV proteins directly in planta. bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00357 Reaction rx00357 catalysis activation tZ synthesis; 'The reduced recovery of radiolabeled nucleotides ZRMP and iPRMP in sADK indicated that CK ribosides are indeed substrates for ADK in planta and that ADK has an impact in CK riboside phosphorylation.' ADK is in fact phosphorylating CK ribosides. [...] All of the CK ribosides analyzed (iPR, ZR, cZR, and dihydrozeatin riboside [DZR]) showed significant accumulation in both sADK and amiADK plants. transgenes, microRNA silencing, Bradford enzyme assay, phenotyping, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, HPLC-MS/MS, radioactive labeled metabolites, doi:10.1104/pp.111.181560 rx00360 Reaction rx00360 catalysis activation tZ degradation UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 recognized all cytokinins and glucosylated the hormones at the N7 and N9 positions. UGT85A1, UGT73C5, and UGT73C1 recognized trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, which have an available hydroxyl group for glucosylation and formed the O-glucosides. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409569200,kegg:ath00908,doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00741 rx00647 Reaction rx00647 catalysis activation based on reverse reaction rx00369 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08069,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00648 Reaction rx00648 catalysis activation based on reverse reaction rx00357 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08070,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00651 Reaction rx00651 catalysis activation based on reverse reaction rx00345 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08071,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00652 Reaction rx00652 catalysis activation based on reverse reaction rx00333 In the two-step pathway, cytokinin ribotides are successively converted to the their ribosides and free bases, by as yet unidentified enzymes. kegg:r08079,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00695 Reaction rx00695 protein activation activation This group [Plant Phenolics] includes metabolites derived from the condensation of acetate units (e.g. terpenoids), those produced by the modification of aromatic amino acids (e.g. phenyl-propanoids; cinnamic acids, lignin precursors, hydroxybenzoic acids, catechols and coumarins),fiavanoids, isofiavanoids and tannins (dihydroxy-phenols and flavanols polymerized by the action of peroxidases and polyphenoloxidases). doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02968.x rx00369 Reaction rx00369 catalysis activation iP synthesis; 'Feeding studies using chloronemal tissues of Physcomitrella revealed that exogenous iPR is converted into iPR monophosphate (iPRMP) via an ADK-dependent pathway (von Schwartzenberg et al., 1998, 2003)....The reduced recovery of radiolabeled nucleotides ZRMP and iPRMP in sADK indicated that CK ribosides are indeed substrates for ADK in planta and that ADK has an impact in CK riboside phosphorylation.' ADK is in fact phosphorylating CK ribosides. [...] All of the CK ribosides analyzed (iPR, ZR, cZR, and dihydrozeatin riboside [DZR]) showed significant accumulation in both sADK and amiADK plants. transgenes, microRNA silencing, Bradford enzyme assay, phenotyping, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, HPLC-MS/MS, radioactive labeled metabolites, doi:10.1104/pp.111.181560 rx00372 Reaction rx00372 catalysis activation iP degradation UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 recognized all cytokinins and glucosylated the hormones at the N7 and N9 positions. UGT85A1, UGT73C5, and UGT73C1 recognized trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, which have an available hydroxyl group for glucosylation and formed the O-glucosides. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409569200,kegg:ath00908,doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00741 rx00376 Reaction rx00376 catalysis activation In this study, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis CYP735A1 and CYP735A2 encode CK hydroxylases that catalyze tZ biosynthesis via the iPRMP-dependent pathway. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406337200 rx00653 Reaction rx00653 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Induction of miR168 by VSRs (viral suppressors of RNA silencing) controls the expression of AGO1, and therefore RNA Silencing/antiviral RISC activity. Moreover, we show that in virus-infected plants the elevated level of miR168 is associated with the induced AGO1 mRNA expression but reduced AGO1 protein accumulation [...]. Northern blotting, In situ hybridization, Real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, Gel filtration assay doi:10.1111/mpp.12553,doi:10.1111/mpp.12029 rx00379 Reaction rx00379 catalysis activation trans-Zeatin riboside monophosphate <=> Dihydrozeatin riboside monophosphate; enzyme zeatin reductase EC:1.3.1.69; https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08065; reactions whose genes for the enzyme are not identified ec:1.3.1,doi:10.1074/jbc.M406337200,kegg:map00908 rx00096 Reaction rx00096 dissociation activation TRX-H3/H5 monomerize the NPR complex (making it active) upon SA induced changes. doi:10.1126/science.1156970,doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00429-x rx00017 Reaction rx00017 degradation/secretion inhibition SCF-EBF degrades EIN3(like)-proteins (ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis of EIN3). doi:10.1105/tpc.001768,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011 rx00044 Reaction rx00044 degradation/secretion inhibition Here technically the step of binding the JAZ protein in a complex (SCF|COI1|JA-Ile|JAZ) and further ubiquitination of the JAZ are omitted. JA-Ile relieves repression by promoting binding of the JAZ proteins to the F-box protein CORONATINEINSENSITIVE1(COI1) and their subsequent degradation by the ubiquitination/26S-proteasome pathway. The complex targets JAZ for degradation. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.004,doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.11.011 rx00080 Reaction rx00080 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.1105/tpc.111.083261 rx00112 Reaction rx00112 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.1105/tpc.109.072553,doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.004 rx00123 Reaction rx00123 degradation/secretion inhibition Targets to proteasome (er ligase); HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase UPL5 ... UPL5 regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis through degradation of WRKY53 and ensures that senescence is executed in the correct time frame. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04233.x rx00133 Reaction rx00133 degradation/secretion inhibition Redox/ROS scavenging. Mitochondria: AOX (AOX1a, AOX1d) prevent ROS production here; PreROS>ROS inhibited by AOX. Induction of AOX gene expression (after MPK3/MPK6 activation) in Arabidopsis provides a mechanism to avoid ROS generation in mitochondria.; output is O2 doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03191.x rx00150 Reaction rx00150 degradation/secretion inhibition ... Upon pathogen challenge, the defense repressor AtSR1 is degraded through the SR1IP1-CUL3-mediated ubiquitin/proteasome pathway to relieve the repression of EDS1 transcription exerted by Ca2+/CaM signaling. ... These results indicate that SR1IP1-CUL3 E3/proteasome-mediated degradation of AtSR1 is a critical mechanism to relieve the suppression of immune responses exerted by Ca2+/CaM/AtSR1. ... The negative regulation of immune response by Ca2+-CaM-AtSR1 complex is proposed to be released through AtSR1-Interacting-Protein-1 (SR1-1P1) that binds to AtSR1 and facilitates ubiquitination and degradation of the latter upon pathogen challenge. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04816.x,doi:10.1111/tpj.12473,doi:10.1186/1471-2229-12-19,doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00809 rx00260 Reaction rx00260 degradation/secretion inhibition outputs are H2O & O2; ROS Scavenging Enzymes doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00179 rx00261 Reaction rx00261 degradation/secretion inhibition outputs are H2O & O2; ROS Scavenging Enzymes doi:10.1590/s1415-47572012000600016,doi:10.4161/15592324.2014.976489 rx00262 Reaction rx00262 degradation/secretion inhibition outputs are H2O & O2; ROS Scavenging Enzymes doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00179 rx00275 Reaction rx00275 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00276 Reaction rx00276 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00614 Reaction rx00614 protein activation activation on in flooded tissues - how is this reflected in leaves? We can also skip this and go directly to ERFs The submergence of plant tissues impedes cellular access to O2 and CO2 , which can severely disrupt metabolism pmid:35513717,doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00479-6 rx00615 Reaction rx00615 protein activation activation on in flooded tissues - how is this reflected in leaves? We can also skip this and go directly to ERFs The submergence of plant tissues impedes cellular access to O2 and CO2 , which can severely disrupt metabolism pmid:35513717,doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00479-6 rx00282 Reaction rx00282 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00297 Reaction rx00297 degradation/secretion inhibition The canonical GA signaling model illustrating GA-dependent GID1-DELLA complex formation resulting in DELLA recognition and ubiquitylation by the SCFSLY1 E3. Polyubiquitylation leads to DELLA proteolysis by the 26S proteasome, thereby lifting DELLA repression of GA responses.' doi:10.1105/tpc.010827,doi:10.1104/pp.112.200956 rx00298 Reaction rx00298 degradation/secretion inhibition ...phosphorylated SLR1 is caught by the SCFGID2 complex through an interacting affinity between GID2 and phosphorylated SLR1, triggering the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SLR1.' doi:10.1104/pp.112.200956 rx00115 Reaction rx00115 degradation/secretion inhibition This is viral PTI. [...] RNA silencing operates as an innate antiviral defence in higher plants. pmid:11485817,doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(01)02367-8 rx00305 Reaction rx00305 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.1104/pp.110.160630 rx00307 Reaction rx00307 degradation/secretion inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00320 Reaction rx00320 degradation/secretion inhibition D53 binds to the complex S-D14-MAX2 to be degraded by ubiquitination; 'A model of the SL signaling complex in Arabidopsis that includes SL-dependent interaction of Arabidopsis D14 with both MAX2 and SMXL proteins, although the sequence in which these interactions occur is not known. It is not known if BRC1 is a direct or indirect target of this SL signaling mechanism. ASK, CUL1, RBX, and E2 are components of the ubiquitination complex. U, Ubiquitin; TFs, transcription factors (unidentified)....It is also unknown if TPR2 remains associated with SMXL proteins when they associated with D14 and MAX2.' doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00605 rx00004 Reaction rx00004 translocation activation Copper gets transported from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmatic reticulum via HMA transporters (protein escort). doi:10.1105/tpc.001768 rx00031 Reaction rx00031 translocation activation OPDA is transported from the chloroplasts to the peroxisomes (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter COMATOSE also known as PXA1 or PED3.), where it is reduced by OPDA reductase (OPR3). CTS catalyzes the ATP-dependent uptake of multiple b-oxidation substrates into peroxisomes. While specific transporters for OPDA have not been identified, there is evidence that the peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter COMATOSE mediates import of OPDA, and thus contributes to the biosynthesis of JAs. (Theodoulou FL, Jasmonic acid levels are..., 2005) doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 rx00039 Reaction rx00039 translocation activation doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100231 rx00097 Reaction rx00097 translocation activation SnRK2.8 also autophosphorilates. SnRK2.6 just autophosphorilaytes, but does not phosphorylate NPR1. SnRK2.8 phosphorylates NPR1 during SAR. The SnRK2.8-mediated phosphorylation of NPR1 is necessary for its nuclear import. Y2H, BiFC, CO-IP, in vitro phosphorylation assay, two-dimensional electrophoresis doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.05.022,doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00371 rx00005 Reaction rx00005 protein activation activation Copper activates the membrane bound ethylene receptor (ETR), so more CTR can bind, thus forming more of the CTR/ETR complex. Intracellular Cu2+ opens up the ETR receptor. doi:10.1105/tpc.001768 rx00007 Reaction rx00007 protein activation activation When ETR is active, more ETR(a)/CTR(a) complex exists. RTE1 increases the formation of ETR/CTR complex. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1104/pp.107.104299 rx00009 Reaction rx00009 protein activation activation EIN2 is dephosphorylated, thus turning active. Technically ETP inhibits phosphorylation of EIN2, which is the inactive form, thus activating EIN2. [targets for degradation]; Process_Degradation_Ubiquitination doi:10.1042/bj20091102,doi:10.1073/pnas.1214848109,doi:10.1093/mp/ssr042,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011,doi:10.1093/mp/ssq036,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103 rx00015 Reaction rx00015 protein activation activation Deposphorylated (thus active) EIN2 activates EIN3(like). EIN3 homologues: EIL1-3 - - doi:10.1105/tpc.001768,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011,kegg:k14513 rx00027 Reaction rx00027 protein activation activation doi:10.4161/psb.5.3.10713 rx00095 Reaction rx00095 protein activation activation doi:10.1104/pp.103.035782,doi:10.1093/jxb/eru369 rx00549 Reaction rx00549 catalysis activation To date, no enzyme has been identified for this reaction. Takes place in plastids (not incorporated at this time). in another possible pathway an unknown isomerase catalyzes all-trans-violaxanthin to 9′-cis-violaxanthin directly doi:10.1111/jipb.12899,kegg:r06950,kegg:ath00906 rx00114 Reaction rx00114 protein activation activation doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003944,doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00238,doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.05.008 rx00136 Reaction rx00136 protein activation activation AT4G17490; ERF6-P has lower rate of degradation compared to ERF6. doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00573 Reaction rx00573 transcriptional/translational activation activation Warm temperatures alter the structure of a hairpin structure in the mRNA of PIF7, which promotes its translation doi:10.1111/pce.13979,pmid:33314270 rx00616 Reaction rx00616 unknown activation on in flooded tissues - how is this reflected in leaves? We can also skip this and go directly to ERFs restricted gas diffusion underwater leads to an accumulation of ethylene within flooded plant tissues doi:10.1111/nph.13209,pmid:25580769 rx00550 Reaction rx00550 catalysis activation Multistep reaction. kegg:r10177,kegg:ath00906 rx00138 Reaction rx00138 protein activation activation ishikana 2011 fosforilated NbWRKY8(=atWRKY33) has enhanced DNA binding ability (also nonfosorilyted can bind but not so efficiently) doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00551 Reaction rx00551 catalysis activation CL is then transported into the cytosol where it is converted in SLs and SL-like compounds by MAX1 and likely other as yet unidentified enzymes. doi:10.1242/dev.12000,aracyc:pwy-7101 rx00140 Reaction rx00140 protein activation activation doi:10.1105/tpc.011411,doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00552 Reaction rx00552 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r06957,kegg:ath00906 rx00142 Reaction rx00142 protein activation activation AT5G47230 doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00553 Reaction rx00553 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r06954,kegg:ath00906 rx00144 Reaction rx00144 protein activation activation AT5G61600 doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00554 Reaction rx00554 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r06953,kegg:ath00906 rx00146 Reaction rx00146 protein activation activation AT5G51190 doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00555 Reaction rx00555 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r07178,kegg:ath00906 rx00164 Reaction rx00164 protein activation activation Redox/ROS scavenging. Actually we have posttranslational modification - can we add?Origin and diversification of land plant CC-type glutaredoxins. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp025 rx00165 Reaction rx00165 protein activation activation doi:10.1073/pnas.1000675107 rx00166 Reaction rx00166 protein activation activation potentially indirect The results are consistent with a model in which WAK2 activates MPK3 to mediate cell expansion. This is likely only one of many inputs required, perhaps including other redundant WAKs, and this explains the subtle or lack of phenotype of the single wak-null alleles. At the same time, a WAK-influenced MPK6 path may not be activated, thereby keeping the stress response off. By an undefined mechanism, OGs cause WAKs to lead to the activation of MPK6, thereby activating the stress response. doi:10.1093/mp/ssr096 rx00542 Reaction rx00542 catalysis activation Both enzymes are sensitive to inhibition by the product (tyrosine). Repeated peptide domains of TyrAAT1 confers catalytic efficiency four times greater than that of TyrAAT2. TyrAAT1 has no prephenate dehydrogenase activity, while TyrAAT2 has weak prephenate dehydrogenase activity (lower substrate specificity). The two Arabidopsis thaliana arogenate dehydrogenases TyrAAT1 and TyrAAT2 [...] plant arogenate dehydrogenases [...] that catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of arogenate into tyrosine in presence of NADP. E. coli over-expression recombinant mutant, enzyme assay doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03172.x,kegg:R00732,aracyc:RXN-5682,ec:1.3.1.78 rx00169 Reaction rx00169 protein activation activation Genetic/biochemical screen for 4 calcium dependent PKs (CPK4/5/6/11) - mediate between NLRs and WRKY8/28/48 (these are the proposed WRKYs to regulate expression downstream of RPS2 and RPM1). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00297,doi:10.1104/pp.113.222539,doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-88,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127 rx00170 Reaction rx00170 protein activation activation Arabidopsis contains three CRT proteins, where the two CRTs AtCRT1a and CRT1b represent one subgroup, and AtCRT3 a divergent member. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011342 rx00556 Reaction rx00556 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r07179,kegg:ath00906 rx00557 Reaction rx00557 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r06947,kegg:ath00906 rx00173 Reaction rx00173 binding/oligomerisation activation Genetic/biochemical screen for 4 calcium dependent PKs (CPK4/5/6/11) - mediate between NLRs and WRKY8/28/48 (these are the proposed WRKYs to regulate expression downstream of RPS2 and RPM1). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00297,doi:10.1104/pp.113.222539,doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-88,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127,doi:10.1104/pp.112.198150 rx00174 Reaction rx00174 protein activation activation PK1/2/4/11 phosphorylate NADPH oxidases for the production of reactive oxygen species. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127 rx00558 Reaction rx00558 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r06946,kegg:ath00906 rx00559 Reaction rx00559 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r07559,kegg:ath00906 rx00560 Reaction rx00560 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r07558,kegg:ath00906 rx00561 Reaction rx00561 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r03824,kegg:ath00906 rx00180 Reaction rx00180 protein activation activation Genetic/biochemical screen for 4 calcium dependent PKs (CPK4/5/6/11) - mediate between NLRs and WRKY8/28/48 (these are the proposed WRKYs to regulate expression downstream of RPS2 and RPM1). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00297 rx00181 Reaction rx00181 protein activation activation Genetic/biochemical screen for 4 calcium dependent PKs (CPK4/5/6/11) - mediate between NLRs and WRKY8/28/48 (these are the proposed WRKYs to regulate expression downstream of RPS2 and RPM1). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00297 rx00182 Reaction rx00182 protein activation activation Genetic/biochemical screen for 4 calcium dependent PKs (CPK4/5/6/11) - mediate between NLRs and WRKY8/28/48 (these are the proposed WRKYs to regulate expression downstream of RPS2 and RPM1). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00297 rx00183 Reaction rx00183 protein activation activation Control of salicylic acid synthesis and systemic acquired. Based on evidence that the activity of CBP60, WRKY8/28/48, and CAMTA3/SR1 factors are modulated by calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calmodulin (CaM). doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00171,doi:10.1073/pnas.1005225107 rx00184 Reaction rx00184 protein activation activation based on evidence that the activity of CBP60, WRKY8/28/48, and CAMTA3/SR1 factors are modulated by calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calmodulin (CaM; Du et al., 2009; Gao et al., 2013; Truman et al., 2013) doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00171 rx00562 Reaction rx00562 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r05341,kegg:ath00906 rx00563 Reaction rx00563 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r04800,kegg:ath00906 rx00235 Reaction rx00235 protein activation activation supplement with compiled exp data doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.006 rx00564 Reaction rx00564 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r04798,kegg:ath00906 rx00238 Reaction rx00238 protein activation activation doi:10.3390/plants3010160 rx00239 Reaction rx00239 protein activation activation doi:10.1093/jxb/erv089 rx00243 Reaction rx00243 protein activation activation pazi preko AtVIP1 in direktno - lahko razsirimo in dobimo feed forward loop doi:10.1073/pnas.0905599106 rx00389 Reaction rx00389 protein activation activation phosphorylation of six Arabidopsis thaliana histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) - - doi:10.1199/tab.0112,doi:10.1038/35096500,kegg:k14490 rx00392 Reaction rx00392 protein activation activation doi:10.1199/tab.0112,doi:10.1038/35096500 rx00393 Reaction rx00393 protein activation activation phosphorylation of response regulators 1,2,11,12,13,14,19,21 + pseudo-response regulator 4,6 - - doi:10.1199/tab.0112,doi:10.1038/35096500,kegg:k14491 rx00010 Reaction rx00010 protein deactivation inhibition ETR/CTR domain keeps EIN2 phosphorylated = inactive. Modelled as ETR(a)/CTR(a) catalysing the phosphorylation reaction that turns EIN2 inactive. doi:10.1042/bj20091102,doi:10.1073/pnas.1214848109,doi:10.1093/mp/ssr042,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011,doi:10.1093/mp/ssq036,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103 rx00062 Reaction rx00062 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH transcription factors EGL3, GL3, and TT8 ; MYB factors MYB75 and GL1;WD-repeat protein TTG1 doi:10.1105/tpc.111.083261 rx00388 Reaction rx00388 protein deactivation inhibition Histological analysis of root vasculature stained with toluidine blue (top) and fuchsin red (bottom, where provided) indicates that protoxylem is more abundant in genetic backgrounds with reduced cytokinin signaling, and ahp6 is able to suppress wol and cre1 ahk3....We also demonstrated that ahp6-1 could not suppress the cytokinin-insensitive cre1 ahk2 ahk3 phenotype, indicating that the suppressor phenotype in the wol background is due to residual cytokinin signaling' doi:10.1126/science.1118875 rx00390 Reaction rx00390 protein deactivation inhibition - - doi:10.1199/tab.0112,doi:10.1038/35096500,kegg:k14492 rx00012 Reaction rx00012 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition EIN5 protein inhibits EBF translation. doi:10.1105/tpc.106.046508,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011 rx00013 Reaction rx00013 transcriptional/translational activation activation EIN3(like) proteins activate EBF translation. doi:10.1105/tpc.106.046508,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011 rx00019 Reaction rx00019 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.16.1.1,doi:10.1038/nature06543 rx00025 Reaction rx00025 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1007/s00344-003-0027-6 rx00028 Reaction rx00028 transcriptional/translational activation activation Transcription factor MYC2 activates the synthesis of both JA and JAZ. In recent studies MYC2 has been identified as a transcriptional activator of the JA biosynthesis gene LOX3. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.037 rx00617 Reaction rx00617 protein activation activation doi:10.1104/pp.16.00860,pmid:27493213 rx00046 Reaction rx00046 transcriptional/translational activation activation Transcription factor MYC2 activates the synthesis of both JA and JAZ. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8,doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.037 rx00049 Reaction rx00049 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00418.x,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048017 rx00050 Reaction rx00050 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00418.x,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048017 rx00051 Reaction rx00051 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00418.x,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048017 rx00052 Reaction rx00052 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00418.x,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048017 rx00006 Reaction rx00006 binding/oligomerisation activation When ETR is active, more ETR(a)/CTR(a) complex exists. RTE1 increases the formation of ETR/CTR complex. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1104/pp.107.104299 rx00063 Reaction rx00063 transcriptional/translational activation activation Upregulating the expression of late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes: including NADPH-dependent dihydroflavonol reductase(DFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), and UDP-Glc:flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase (UF3GT). doi:10.1105/tpc.111.083261 rx00064 Reaction rx00064 transcriptional/translational activation activation Upregulating the expression of late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes: including NADPH-dependent dihydroflavonol reductase(DFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), and UDP-Glc:flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase (UF3GT). doi:10.1105/tpc.111.083261 rx00098 Reaction rx00098 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1105/tpc.016980 rx00101 Reaction rx00101 transcriptional/translational activation activation NPR binds TGA, NIMIN competitively binds NPR (thus inhibiting NPR). Complex NPR-TGA then activates PR1, PR2 and PR5. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x,doi:10.1105/tpc.104.027441 rx00102 Reaction rx00102 transcriptional/translational activation activation NPR binds TGA, NIMIN competitively binds NPR (thus inhibiting NPR). Complex NPR-TGA then activates PR1, PR2 and PR5. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x,doi:10.1105/tpc.104.027441 rx00103 Reaction rx00103 transcriptional/translational activation activation NPR binds TGA, NIMIN competitively binds NPR (thus inhibiting NPR). Complex NPR-TGA then activates PR1, PR2 and PR5. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x,doi:10.1105/tpc.104.027441 rx00111 Reaction rx00111 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1105/tpc.109.072553,doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.004 rx00565 Reaction rx00565 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r04787,kegg:ath00906 rx00124 Reaction rx00124 transcriptional/translational activation activation MEKK1/MAPKKK8 (=MAP3K) AT4G08500 doi:10.1007/s11103-007-9198-z rx00126 Reaction rx00126 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117838 rx00127 Reaction rx00127 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117838 rx00135 Reaction rx00135 transcriptional/translational activation activation AT4G17490; Phospho-mimicking ERF6 is able to constitutively activate defense-related genes, especially those related to fungal resistance, including PDF1.1 and PDF1.2, and confers enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. doi:10.1105/tpc.112.109074 rx00148 Reaction rx00148 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition CAMTA3/SR1,2,3 -| EDS1,5,PAD4 (Inhibition) doi:10.1104/pp.111.192310,doi:10.1038/nature07612,doi:10.1111/tpj.12473,doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs143 rx00149 Reaction rx00149 protein activation activation doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04816.x rx00153 Reaction rx00153 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1104/pp.114.243360 rx00154 Reaction rx00154 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1093/mp/ssr113 rx00155 Reaction rx00155 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1104/pp.114.243360 rx00158 Reaction rx00158 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.7554/elife.00675 rx00160 Reaction rx00160 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00170 rx00161 Reaction rx00161 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00170 rx00163 Reaction rx00163 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1105/tpc.112.101428 rx00566 Reaction rx00566 catalysis activation Carotenoid biosynthesis kegg:r04786,kegg:ath00906 rx00186 Reaction rx00186 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition CAMTA3/SR1,2,3 -| EIN3/EIL[1,2,3] (Inhibition) doi:10.1104/pp.111.192310,doi:10.1038/nature07612 rx00187 Reaction rx00187 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-89 rx00188 Reaction rx00188 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-89 rx00189 Reaction rx00189 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-89 rx00190 Reaction rx00190 transcriptional/translational activation activation Control of salicylic acid synthesis and systemic acquired doi:10.1073/pnas.1005225107 rx00533 Reaction rx00533 catalysis activation kegg:r02255,kegg:k01904,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.006 rx00193 Reaction rx00193 transcriptional/translational activation activation ACO1,2,4 in MZ notes doi:10.1105/tpc.011411 rx00534 Reaction rx00534 catalysis activation MetaCyc: In plants, none of the enzymes predicted to participate in this pathway have been cloned or characterized to date, but radiotracer studies provide strong evidence for the existence of this pathway | In petunia, PhCHD, a gene encoding cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-dehydrogenase was characterised to catalyse two consecutave steps in the BA β-oxidative pathway (conversion of CA-CoA to 3O3PP-CoA [3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoyl-CoA]). doi:10.1073/pnas.1211001109,aracyc:rxn-2003 rx00196 Reaction rx00196 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.1104/pp.112.198150 rx00206 Reaction rx00206 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.1104/pp.113.220129 rx00209 Reaction rx00209 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1093/jxb/ers389 rx00240 Reaction rx00240 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Here, we show that ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 (EIL1), two closely related Arabidopsis transcription factors previously known to regulate the ethylene pathway, negatively regulate SID2 [ICS1] expression and SA biosynthesis to repress plant immunity. doi:10.1105/tpc.108.065193 rx00244 Reaction rx00244 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1111/tpj.12051 rx00245 Reaction rx00245 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127 rx00246 Reaction rx00246 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127 rx00247 Reaction rx00247 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127 rx00248 Reaction rx00248 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002767 rx00250 Reaction rx00250 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003422 rx00251 Reaction rx00251 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00252 Reaction rx00252 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00253 Reaction rx00253 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00254 Reaction rx00254 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00255 Reaction rx00255 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00256 Reaction rx00256 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00257 Reaction rx00257 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00258 Reaction rx00258 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00259 Reaction rx00259 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014 rx00277 Reaction rx00277 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00302 Reaction rx00302 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1104/pp.010442 rx00308 Reaction rx00308 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 rx00309 Reaction rx00309 transcriptional/translational activation activation WRKY6 positively regulates NPR1 expression by directly binding to the W-boxes upstream of the NPR1 promoter. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru369 rx00391 Reaction rx00391 transcriptional/translational activation activation The auxin response negatively controls the cytokinin response by the activation of ARR-A genes. The cytokinin-mediated phosphorylation of ARR-B transcription factors enhances Aux/IAA transcription, and so balances the auxin response. - doi:10.1199/tab.0112,doi:10.1038/35096500,doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.05.011,kegg:k14492 rx00394 Reaction rx00394 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1105/tpc.112.098335 rx00157 Reaction rx00157 transcriptional/translational activation activation doi:10.1093/mp/ssr113 rx00315 Reaction rx00315 catalysis activation CCD7 cleaves 9-cis-b-carotene into 9-cis-b-apo-10′-carotenal (Output_1) and b-ionone (Output_2) doi:10.1126/science.1215933 rx00316 Reaction rx00316 catalysis activation CCD8 also cleaves 9-cis-b-carotene into b-apo-13-carotenone (Output_2), although much slower doi:10.1126/science.1215933 rx00318 Reaction rx00318 protein activation activation D14 is the SL receptor doi:10.1038/nature19073 rx00328 Reaction rx00328 catalysis activation tRNA containing 6-isopentenyladenosine <=> cis-Prenyl-tRNA; cZ synthesis kegg:map00908,kegg:r08077 rx00329 Reaction rx00329 catalysis activation cis-Prenyl-tRNA <=> cis-Zeatin riboside monophosphate; cZ synthesis kegg:map00908,kegg:r08078 rx00660 Reaction rx00660 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Putative regulatory mechanism between SP5G and SP6A. The finding that StSP6A transcription is induced in StSP5G-RNAi lines also indicates that StSP5G acts in the leaf vasculature to suppress StSP6A expression. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.066 rx00331 Reaction rx00331 catalysis activation cZ synthesis doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068676 rx00332 Reaction rx00332 catalysis activation cis-Zeatin riboside + H2O <=> cis-Zeatin + D-Ribose; cZ synthesis; enzyme 5′- ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; reactions whose genes for the enzyme are not identified; https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08080; kegg:r08080,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00334 Reaction rx00334 degradation/secretion inhibition cZ synthesis Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage. doi:10.1007/s10265-003-0096-4,doi:10.1134/s0006297912120024,doi:10.1105/tpc.110.079079 rx00661 Reaction rx00661 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition findings are consistent with a model in which StSP5G restrains activity of one or more factors that activate the StSP6A gene [in leaf] SP6A transcript abundance is also regulated at the post-transcriptional level by a small RNA doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.027 rx00342 Reaction rx00342 catalysis activation DHZ synthesis In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to verify that the APRT (Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) family proteins, particularly APT1, catalyze the conversion from CK bases to nucleotides, which functions in the opposite way to LONELY GUY (LOG) enzymes. mutants and transgenic plants, RT–PCR, His-tag-facilitated affinity purification doi:10.1093/mp/sst071 rx00618 Reaction rx00618 transcriptional/translational activation activation High temperatures promote the reversion of phyB back to its inactive state, leaving PIF4 and PIF7 free to transcribe thermomorphogenesis promoting genes doi:10.1111/pce.13979 rx00343 Reaction rx00343 catalysis activation DHZ synthesis doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068676 rx00344 Reaction rx00344 catalysis activation Dihydrozeatin riboside + H2O <=> Dihydrozeatin + D-Ribose; DHZ synthesis; enzyme 5′- ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; reactions whose genes for the enzyme are not identified; https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08074; kegg:r08074,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00354 Reaction rx00354 catalysis activation tZ synthesis In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to verify that the APRT (Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) family proteins, particularly APT1, catalyze the conversion from CK bases to nucleotides, which functions in the opposite way to LONELY GUY (LOG) enzymes. mutants and transgenic plants, RT–PCR, His-tag-facilitated affinity purification doi:10.1093/mp/sst071 rx00535 Reaction rx00535 catalysis activation Originally identified in Petunia (PhKAT1), but consistent with report that a mutation in a gene encoding the peroxisomal protein benzoyl-CoA ligase (AT1G65880) eliminates benzoyl-CoA (or BA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seeds. We have shown that the accumulation of BGs and HBACs in seeds depends on CTS, AIM1, and KAT2, which mediate the transport into peroxisomes of CA and its subsequent oxidation and thiolysis. | In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a petunia 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (PhKAT1), which plays an important role in the β-oxidative pathway leading to the production of benzoyl-CoA from 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionyl-CoA (benzoylacetyl-CoA). doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807,doi:10.1073/pnas.1211001109,doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03953.x,aracyc:rxn-2006 rx00355 Reaction rx00355 catalysis activation tZ synthesis doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068676 rx00536 Reaction rx00536 catalysis activation AtDHNAT2 also displayed activity towards benzoyl-CoA, although the measured value was approximately an order of magnitude lower than that obtained with DHNA-CoA as the substrate. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04972.x,aracyc:rxn-2005,doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807 rx00011 Reaction rx00011 binding/oligomerisation activation Technically the ETR(a)-CTR(a) complex keeps EIN2-C domain phosphorylated. In the presence of ethylene, CTR in the complex turns inactive, therefore allowing the cleavage of EIN2 C-terminal domain. doi:10.1042/bj20091102,doi:10.1073/pnas.1214848109,doi:10.1093/mp/ssr042,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011,doi:10.1093/mp/ssq036,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103 rx00356 Reaction rx00356 catalysis activation trans-Zeatin riboside + H2O <=> Zeatin + D-Ribose; tZ synthesis; enzyme 5′- ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; reactions whose genes for the enzyme are not identified;https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08073 kegg:r08073,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00358 Reaction rx00358 degradation/secretion inhibition tZ synthesis Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage. doi:10.1007/s10265-003-0096-4,doi:10.1134/s0006297912120024,doi:10.1105/tpc.110.079079 rx00366 Reaction rx00366 catalysis activation iP synthesis In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to verify that the APRT (Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) family proteins, particularly APT1, catalyze the conversion from CK bases to nucleotides, which functions in the opposite way to LONELY GUY (LOG) enzymes. mutants and transgenic plants, RT–PCR, His-tag-facilitated affinity purification doi:10.1093/mp/sst071 rx00367 Reaction rx00367 catalysis activation iP synthesis doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068676 rx00016 Reaction rx00016 binding/oligomerisation inhibition SCF binds with EBF into an SCF-EBF complex (ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis of EIN3). doi:10.1105/tpc.001768,doi:10.1073/pnas.0605528103,doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.011 rx00368 Reaction rx00368 catalysis activation Isopentenyl adenosine + H2O <=> N6-(Delta2-Isopentenyl)-adenine + D-Ribose; iP synthesis; enzyme 5′- ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; reactions whose genes for the enzyme are not identified; https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08072 kegg:r08072,kegg:ath00908,kegg:map00908 rx00370 Reaction rx00370 degradation/secretion inhibition iP synthesis Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage. doi:10.1007/s10265-003-0096-4,doi:10.1134/s0006297912120024,doi:10.1105/tpc.110.079079 rx00662 Reaction rx00662 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00574 Reaction rx00574 transcriptional/translational activation activation The evidence was specific for this TF the temperature regulation of HSFA2 translation was dependent on the structure of a hairpin in the 3′UTR doi:10.1038/s41477-020-0633-3,pmid:32284544 rx00088 Reaction rx00088 unknown inhibition Check if this simplification would work (instead of 2 reactions for EDS1 and PAD separately, increase/decrease complex synthesis). doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00058-x rx00089 Reaction rx00089 unknown inhibition Check if this simplification would work (instead of 2 reactions for EDS1 and PAD4 separately, increase/decrease complex synthesis). doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02806.x,doi:10.1104/pp.112.194647 rx00575 Reaction rx00575 transcriptional/translational activation activation the temperature regulation of HSFA2 translation was dependent on the structure of a hairpin in the 3′UTR doi:10.1038/s41477-020-0633-3,pmid:32284545 rx00151 Reaction rx00151 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition This inactivation of tga256 disables binding on the ORA59 promotor and its induction by EIN3/ERF+TGA256... Glutaredoxins catalyze the reduction of target proteins through a redox-active site...ROXY19/GRX480-mediated repression depended on the GSH binding site, suggesting that redox modification of either TGA factors or as yet unknown target proteins is important for the suppression of ORA59 promoter activity. doi:10.1093/mp/ssr113,pmid:24989234 rx00210 Reaction rx00210 unknown inhibition doi:10.1104/pp.104.056028 rx00311 Reaction rx00311 unknown inhibition SA decreased CAT2 activity in a dose-dependent manner (purified proteins, in planta) doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.007 rx00539 Reaction rx00539 catalysis activation 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00160.x: Thus, while our data strongly suggest that BA is synthesized at least partly in the peroxisomes, and further indicate that Chy1 has a strong affinity for cinnamoyl-CoA, the exact role that Chy1 plays in BA biosynthesis remains to be determined. Chy1 exhibits cinnamoyl-CoA hydrolase activity T-DNA knockout lines, High-performance liquid chromatography, His-tagging and affinity chromatography doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00160.x rx00520 Reaction rx00520 binding/oligomerisation inhibition As a counteractive response, TuMV utilises VPg to interact with and mediate REM1.2 degradation via both UPS and autophagy pathways to facilitate viral infection Then the interaction of REM1.2 with VPg was further confirmed by Y2H (Fig. 6b), Co-IP (Fig. 6c) and BiFC assays (Fig. 6d) yeast split- ubiquitin assays, CoIP and co-localisation doi:10.1111/nph.16285 rx00407 Reaction rx00407 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition StCDF1 suppresses the transcription of CONSTANS R/T qPCR doi:10.1038/nature11912 rx00408 Reaction rx00408 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition The expression pattern of SES suggests that SP6A is regulated at the post-transcriptional level RT qPCR doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.027 rx00521 Reaction rx00521 binding/oligomerisation inhibition The intereaction hsa been previuosly reported and is well known. Here they resolved the structure. we resolved the structure of VPg, revealing a previously unknown 3-dimensional (3D) fold, and characterized the VPg–eIF4E complex using NMR and biophysical techniques NMR and biophysical techniques doi:10.1073/pnas.1904752116 rx00410 Reaction rx00410 transcriptional/translational activation activation Overall, our analyses identified MYC2 as a positive regulator of the auxin biosynthesis-related genes YUC8 and YUC9, most probably through its interaction with the promoter G-box “tandem” 1-9-1 and/or the G-box #3. We provided multiple lines of evidence, including effector-reporter assays in N. benthamiana and A. thaliana leaf protoplasts, to demonstrate that all three MYC transcription factors bind to the YUC8 and YUC9 promoters in vivo, when the 1-9-1 G-box-tandem or the 3 G-box variants are present (Figure 4 and Figure 5 and Figure A2). Intriguingly, our experiments employing leaf protoplasts further validated that MYC2 acts as a direct regulator of YUC9 (Figure 5B). ChIP-seq, GUS transactivation assay in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis protoplasts doi:10.3390/ijms22189768 rx00411 Reaction rx00411 transcriptional/translational activation activation ERF11 binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promoter to activate its transcription LUC activity assay, Y1H doi:10.1104/pp.18.01209 rx00522 Reaction rx00522 binding/oligomerisation inhibition A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay on leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that HCpro from three potyviruses (PVA, Potato virus Y, and Tobacco etch virus) interacted with the eIF(iso)4E and eIF4E of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); interactions with eIF(iso)4E and eIF4E of potato (Solanum tuberosum) were weaker. Here we show that HCpro of Potato virus A (PVA) interacts with both eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E Y2H, BiFC doi:10.1128/jvi.00485-11 rx00523 Reaction rx00523 translocation activation [...] EDS1 is capable of nuclear transport receptor (CRM1/XPO1)-mediated shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus through the nuclear pores. It is therefore likely that cytoplasmic and nuclear EDS1 pools communicate through the nuclear pores to coordinate resistance and cell death programs. biochemical fractionation, vivo imaging of fluorescent-tagged proteins, transgenic lines pmid:20617163,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000970 rx00456 Reaction rx00456 translocation activation Upon pathogen infection, EIJ1 relocalized from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm, where it interacted with EDS1, thereby restricting pathogen-triggered trafficking of EDS1 to the nucleus and compromising resistance at an early infection stage. [...] When plants are invaded by pathogens, EIJ1 is rapidly released from the chloroplast into the cytoplasm where it interacts with EDS1. Y2H, confocal, Co-IP, pull down, RT-qPCR doi:10.1093/plcell/koaa007 rx00524 Reaction rx00524 protein deactivation inhibition For representation purposes, the active form of the EDS1 protein is transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, therefore protein deactivation in the cytoplasm equivalently restricts EDS1 transport and subsequent activity in the nucleus. Upon pathogen infection, EIJ1 relocalized from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm, where it interacted with EDS1, thereby restricting pathogen-triggered trafficking of EDS1 to the nucleus and compromising resistance at an early infection stage. [...] The interaction between EIJ1 and EDS1 represses the nuclear trafficking of EDS1. Y2H, confocal, Co-IP, pull down, RT-qPCR doi:10.1093/plcell/koaa007 rx00525 Reaction rx00525 protein deactivation inhibition For representation purposes, the active form of the EIN2 protein is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, therefore protein deactivation in the cytoplasm equivalently restricts EIN2 transport and subsequent activity in the nucleus. These results indicate that EIN2 is a direct substrate of TOR kinase. TOR-mediated phosphorylation of EIN2 prevents its nuclear localization. Y2H, CoIP, in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03310-y rx00526 Reaction rx00526 transcriptional/translational activation activation Indirect (the chances are quite high that also PAD4 activates ICS1 (SA synthesis). Upon infection, EDS1–PAD4 complexes activate defense pathways represented by the enzymes ICS1, FMO1 and ALD1, mediating (primarily) SA-dependent, SA-independent and systemic defense responses (SAR), respectively. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcy106 rx00527 Reaction rx00527 translocation activation Our results indicate that overall AHP subcellular localization is consistently nucleo-cytoplasmic and is not regulated by cytokinin. Interestingly, our data suggest the localization of the AHP proteins appears to be regulated by an unknown active transport mechanism. doi:10.4161/psb.5.7.12094 rx00419 Reaction rx00419 catalysis activation GH3.5 catalyzes SA-Asp formation in vitro in vitro enzyme activity doi:10.1093/abbs/gmt078,pmid:23842113 rx00420 Reaction rx00420 binding/oligomerisation activation knowledge from previous experiments (that is how the raptor was named) knowledge from previous experiments (that is how the raptor was named) doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.002 rx00528 Reaction rx00528 transcriptional/translational activation activation flg22 derived from the bacterial flagellin - doi:10.3390/plants3010160,pmid:27135498 rx00421 Reaction rx00421 protein deactivation inhibition explanation by curator: by destabilising RAPTOR-TOR interaction) Stress- and ABA-activated SnRK2s phosphorylate Raptor and inhibit TOR activity phosphorylation assays, CoIP doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.002 rx00422 Reaction rx00422 degradation/secretion inhibition Reviewer - please double check (including correct reference etc) Conditional reaction - occurs under low SA concentration SA-binding releases the transactivation domain [...] NPR3 and NPR4 interact with NPR1 and are required for NPR1 degradation [..] protein deletion analyses; equilibrium method doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00697,pmid:25538725 rx00423 Reaction rx00423 degradation/secretion inhibition Reviewer - please double check (including correct reference etc) Conditional reaction - occurs under low SA concentration SA-binding releases the transactivation domain [...] NPR3 and NPR4 interact with NPR1 and are required for NPR1 degradation [..] protein deletion analyses; equilibrium method doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00697,pmid:25538725 rx00424 Reaction rx00424 protein activation activation activation by phosphorilation Furthermore, Ser46 on MKK1 and Thr83, Thr215, and Ser256 on MKK5 were phosphorylated by MKD1 wet-lab multiple proofs doi:10.1093/jxb/erz556 rx00425 Reaction rx00425 catalysis activation Plant enzyme is not known yet, but the same reaction can be catalyzed by bacterial Trp-2-monooxygenase (from Pseudomonas savastanoi) - Pubchem ID: 47444713; MetaCyc ID: G-5821 Trp can also be oxidized to indole-3-acetamide (IAM) by the bacterial auxin biosynthesis enzyme iaaM Trp-2-monooxygenase. overexpression mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00427 Reaction rx00427 protein activation activation Summary of In Vivo Phosphorylation at BIK1-Mediated Phosphorylation Sites of FLAG-RBOHD by LC-MS/MS Analysis LC-MS/MS Analysis doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.02.021 rx00428 Reaction rx00428 transcriptional/translational activation activation SAR, pathogen Pseudomonas syringae p.v. maculicola (P.s.m.) ES4326 Here we report that both SAR Deficient 1 (SARD1) and CBP60g are key regulators for ICS1 induction and SA synthesis. Both proteins are recruited to the promoter of ICS1 in response to pathogen infections, suggesting that they control SA synthesis by regulating ICS1 at the transcriptional level. chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) doi:10.1073/pnas.1005225107 rx00429 Reaction rx00429 catalysis activation SUPERROOT1 (SUR1) is a C-S lyase that converts S-alkyl-thiohydroximate to thiohydroximate. overproduction mutants superroot1 doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00430 Reaction rx00430 translocation activation Phosphorylation at Thr657 was specifically promoted by TOR kinase. Glucose–TOR and ethylene–CTR1 pathways independently control the nuclear localization of EIN2 by regulating distinct EIN2 phosphorylation sites These results indicate that EIN2 is a direct substrate of TOR kinase. TOR-mediated phosphorylation of EIN2 prevents its nuclear localization. Y2H, CoIP, in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03310-y rx00602 Reaction rx00602 translocation activation doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2702-1,pmid:32846426 rx00603 Reaction rx00603 translocation activation doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00479-6,pmid:35513717 rx00431 Reaction rx00431 catalysis activation MVK enzyme is ubiquitously expressed, especially in highly proliferative tissues, including root and shoot apical meristems, as well as in young seedling leaves. Recombinant MVK, mutated versions of MVK, and control proteins were reacted with MVA and ATP, then their enzymatic activity was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28150-w rx00432 Reaction rx00432 protein deactivation inhibition SA-induced NPR1 is recruited to JA-responsive promoter regions that are co-occupied by a JA-induced transcription complex consisting of the MYC2 activator and MED25 Mediator subunit. In the presence of SA, NPR1 physically associates with JA-induced MYC2 and inhibits transcriptional activation by disrupting its interaction with MED25. NPR1-mediated inhibition of MYC2 is a major immune mechanism for suppressing pathogen virulence. NPR1 suppresses JA-responsive genes by forming a repressor complex with MYC activators at G-box motifs, which prevents MYC2-mediated recruitment of Mediator [and shown to negate the transcriptional activator activity of MYC2]. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, protein-protein interaction assays, pull-down assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110125 rx00433 Reaction rx00433 transcriptional/translational activation activation SAR, pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm.ES4326) The binding of TCP8 to this site was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Expression patterns of TCP8 and its corresponding gene TCP9 largely overlapped with ICS1 under pathogen attack. A significant reduction in the expression of ICS1 during immune responses was observed in the tcp8 tcp9 double mutant. Y1H assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, mutants, co-expression doi:10.1111/tpj.12803 rx00434 Reaction rx00434 catalysis activation Mutant screens have also uncovered additional components necessary for IAA-amino acid conjugation, including transcription factors and metal transporters. Alternative enzyme: AT1G68100.1, IAA-ALANINE RESISTANT 1, IAR1 Several enzymes hydrolyse IAA–amino acid conjugates to free IAA: IAA–LEUCINE RESISTANT1 (ILR1; Bartel and Fink, 1995), ILR1 homologues, ILR1-LIKE1 (ILL1), ILL2 (Bartel and Fink, 1995; LeClere et al., 2002), IAA–ALANINE RESISTANT3 (IAR3), ILL3, and ILL5 (Davies et al., 1999). mutants doi:10.1093/jxb/ert080 rx00413 Reaction rx00413 catalysis activation Also: AT1G23320-TAR1 and AT4G24670-TAR2. Cytosolic TAA1 is more predominant than the TM ER-localised TAR1 and TAR2. The first step is the removal of the amino group by the TAA family of aminotransferases to produce IPA. Trp biosynthetic mutants, auxin overproduction mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00529 Reaction rx00529 binding/oligomerisation activation "Without BL, BRI1 kinase is kept in a basal state by both its own carboxyl terminal domain and by an interaction with BKI1. Brassinosteroid binding to the extracellular domain of BRI1 induces a conformational change of the kinase domain, leading to the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of BRI1 and BKI1, the dissociation of BKI1 from the plasma membrane, and the release of autoinhibition of BRI1. These events lead to the full activation of BRI1 and its association with BAK1 or other substrates. " For simplification, BKI1 is omitted. Direct binding of brassinolide (BL) [...] to the extracellular domain of BRI1 [...] enhances kinase activity and the affinity of BRI1 for BAK1, its proposed coreceptor knockdown, YFP fusion, immunoblot, qRT-PCR, transgenic doi:10.1126/science.1127593 rx00414 Reaction rx00414 catalysis activation Other genes: AT1G04180-YUC9/YUCCA9, AT1G04610-YUC3/YUCCA3, AT1G21430-YUC11, AT1G48910-YUC10/YUCCA10, AT2G33230-YUC7/YUCCA7, AT4G2872-YUC8/YUCCA8, AT4G32540, AT5G11320-YUC4/YUCCA4/ATYUC4, AT5G25620-YUC6/YUCCA6/ATYUC6, AT5G43890-YUC5/YUCCA5 The second step is the oxidative decarboxylation of IPA catalyzed by the YUC family of flavin-containing monooxygenases to generate IAA, CO2 and water. Trp biosynthetic mutants, auxin overproduction mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00415 Reaction rx00415 catalysis activation Cytochrome P450 CYP79B3 - AT2G22330 Trp is oxidized into indole-3-acetaloxime (IAOx) by the Cytochrome P450 CYP79B2/B3 mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00416 Reaction rx00416 catalysis activation CYP83B1 is also called SUPERROOT2. IAOx is a substrate for another P450, CYP83B1, which is also called SUPERROOT2 (SUR2). auxin overproduction mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00417 Reaction rx00417 catalysis activation Nitrilases NIT1-4 (NIT2 - AT3G44300, NIT3 - AT3G44320, NIT4 - AT5G22300) Auxin biosynthesis from IAN might involve nitrilases (NIT 1-4)but that process is not well understood yet. mutants doi:10.3390/ijms18122587 rx00418 Reaction rx00418 catalysis activation several other compounds including Indole-3-acetonitrile and Indole-3-acetamide have also been proposed as intermediates in auxin biosynthesis mutants doi:10.1199/tab.0173 rx00435 Reaction rx00435 protein activation activation phosphorylation of S329 and/or T342 is critical for MVK function (confirmed in mvk-1 mutants) Recombinant MVK protein was incubated with the purified P2K1-KD and P2K1-1-KD and assayed for phosphorylation by radiolabeling with γ-[32 P]-ATP. phosphorylation assays with radiolabeling doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28150-w rx00436 Reaction rx00436 transcriptional/translational activation activation Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00437 Reaction rx00437 binding/oligomerisation activation We also detected strong interactions between TCP8 and SAR deficient 1 (SARD1), WRKY family transcription factor 28 (WRKY28), NAC (NAM/ATAF1,ATAF2/CUC2) family transcription factor 019 (NAC019) bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, in vitro pull-down assay doi:10.1111/tpj.12803 rx00438 Reaction rx00438 binding/oligomerisation activation We also detected strong interactions between TCP8 and SAR deficient 1 (SARD1), WRKY family transcription factor 28 (WRKY28), NAC (NAM/ATAF1,ATAF2/CUC2) family transcription factor 019 (NAC019) bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, in vitro pull-down assay doi:10.1111/tpj.12803 rx00439 Reaction rx00439 binding/oligomerisation activation We also detected strong interactions between TCP8 and SAR deficient 1 (SARD1), WRKY family transcription factor 28 (WRKY28), NAC (NAM/ATAF1,ATAF2/CUC2) family transcription factor 019 (NAC019) bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, in vitro pull-down assay doi:10.1111/tpj.12803 rx00441 Reaction rx00441 transcriptional/translational activation activation Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00442 Reaction rx00442 catalysis activation Mutant screens have also uncovered additional components necessary for IAA–amino acid conjugation, including tran-scription factors and metal transporters. hemical details of IAA homeostasis.Several enzymes hydrolyse IAA–amino acid conjugates to free IAA: IAA–LEUCINE RESISTANT1 (ILR1; Bartel and Fink, 1995), ILR1 homologues, ILR1-LIKE1 (ILL1), ILL2 (Bartel and Fink, 1995; LeClere et al., 2002), IAA–ALANINE RESISTANT3 (IAR3), ILL3, and ILL5 (Davies et al., 1999). mutants doi:10.1093/jxb/ert080 rx00443 Reaction rx00443 transcriptional/translational activation activation ACC-responsive Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00445 Reaction rx00445 protein activation activation Therefore, we then investigated whether SIK1 associates with BIK1. To test this hypothesis, we expressed BIK1-FLAG and HA-SIK1 in Arabidopsis and performed co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.007 rx00447 Reaction rx00447 transcriptional/translational activation activation CAMTA3 binds to RDR6 promoter and activates RDR6 transcription Y1H, ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, LUC reporter assay doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.003 rx00448 Reaction rx00448 catalysis activation Conversion to MeIAA, likely by IAA CARBOXYMETHYLTRANSFERASE1 (IAMT1) in Arabidopsis (Zubieta et al., 2003; Qin et al., 2005), results in a non-polar modified auxin that is proba-bly capable of transporter-independent movement (Li et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008). mutants doi:10.1093/jxb/ert080 rx00449 Reaction rx00449 protein activation activation interaction between DORN1 and RBOHD was enhanced by ATP RBOHD, where the synthetic peptide GILRGANS(p)DT(p)NSDTESI was phosphorylated by DORN1-KD in the KiC assay; we verified the DORN1–RBOHD interaction by Co-IP assays in wild-type protoplasts, where a HA-tagged DORN1 was co-expressed with a Myc-tagged RBOHD either with or without the addition of ATP; we incubated N-terminal, recombinant RBOHD protein with the purified DORN1 kinase domain and assayed for phosphorylation by radiolabeling with 32P-ATP. kinase client assay (KiC assay), Co-IP, phophorylation assay with radiolabeling doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02340-3 rx00450 Reaction rx00450 transcriptional/translational activation activation ACC-responsive Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00451 Reaction rx00451 protein activation activation To investigate whether SIK1 directly regulates RBOHD, we first expressed SIK1 and RBOHD in Arabidopsis and performed coIP to test their interaction. A specific signal for HA-SIK1 was clearly observed in the FLAG-RBOHD immunoprecipitate co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.007 rx00452 Reaction rx00452 transcriptional/translational activation activation MeJA-responsive Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00453 Reaction rx00453 transcriptional/translational activation activation MeJA-responsive Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00454 Reaction rx00454 transcriptional/translational activation activation MeJA-responsive Gene expression, VIGS, and ChIP analysis led to the identification of direct target genes of ORA59, ERF1, ROF2/FKBP65, UTR1, BGLU30/DIN2 as ACC-responsive genes, and CYP81F4, DR4, and ERF016 as MeJA-responsive genes. differential expression, VIGS, ChIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab437 rx00455 Reaction rx00455 protein activation activation The extracellular domain of DORN1 was incubated with the indicated concentrations of radiolabeled ATP for 30 min; Samples containing 25 nM radio- labeled ATP in the presence of 10 nM to 10 mM of the unlabeled nucleotides were assayed for specific binding of labeled ATP;in planta ATP-binding assay using Arabidopsis protoplasts Saturation binding assay, competitive binding assay, in planta ATP-binding assay doi:10.1126/science.343.6168.290,pmid:24436418 rx00457 Reaction rx00457 catalysis activation UDP-glucosyltransferase that acts on a number of substrates including IAA and PAA. Only a fraction of IAA conjugates such as IAA–Ala, IAA–Leu, IAA–Phe, and others are hydrolysed back to free IAA via auxin amino acid conjugate hydrolases, whereas amino acid conjugates with IAA–Asp and IAA–Glu are thought to be precursors for a degradation pathway. mutants doi:10.1093/jxb/erq412 rx00458 Reaction rx00458 catalysis activation Orthologues (Auxin-responsive GH3 family proteins): AT1G23160, AT1G28130, AT1G48660, AT1G48670, AT1G59500, AT2G14960, AT2G23170, AT4G27260, AT4G37390, AT5G13320, AT5G13350, AT5G13360, AT5G13370, AT5G13380, AT5G51470, AT5G54510 IAA-Asp synthetase (Metacyc) GH3.4 (AT1G59500), GH3.5 (AT4G27260), GH3.6 (AT5G54510), AT2G23170 The AtGH3-9 gene is involved in the regulation of the primary root growth of Arabidopsis, the overexpressed strains of GH3-8 showed decreased IAA level and increased IAA-Asp level, abnormal development morphology and growth retardation. mutants doi:10.3390/plants8110473 rx00460 Reaction rx00460 catalysis activation - - kegg:k01593 rx00544 Reaction rx00544 protein activation activation Indirect or speculative EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 promote salicylic acid (SA) accumulation | EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 are present in a single complex in planta various, indirect doi:10.1093/pcp/pcy106,pmid:29931201,pmid:22072959,doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002318,doi:10.1094/MPMI-04-15-0079-R rx00462 Reaction rx00462 protein activation activation The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box proteins TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) are auxin receptors that mediate degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) repressors to induce auxin-regulated responses. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04885.x - - kegg:k14485 rx00576 Reaction rx00576 transcriptional/translational activation activation In the literature this specific TF AREB1/AREB2 are mentioned. But these two are combined in AREB/ABF functional cluster. HSFA6b, a Positive Regulator, Is Involved in ABA-Mediated Drought, Salt, and Thermotolerance. HSFA6b, a pivotal positive regulator, is required for ABA-mediated HSR. ABA Treatment and AREB1/ABF2 Coexpression Enhanced HSFA6b Promoter Activity. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00860,pmid:27493213 rx00463 Reaction rx00463 degradation/secretion inhibition Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis - - kegg:k14484 rx00465 Reaction rx00465 transcriptional/translational activation activation - kegg:k14486 rx00577 Reaction rx00577 transcriptional/translational activation activation Intriguingly,OE5-6showed selective up-regulation of HSP18.1-CI and HSP26.5-MII expression, in addition to APX2 (Supplemental Figs. S8, B and C, and S9). The results confirmed that ABA-mediated HSFA6b expression is required for proper stress-related gene expression under both salt and ABA treatments. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00860,pmid:27493213 rx00466 Reaction rx00466 transcriptional/translational activation activation - kegg:k14486 rx00474 Reaction rx00474 protein activation activation - - kegg:k14496 rx00475 Reaction rx00475 protein deactivation inhibition also HAI1-3, HAB1-2, ABI1-2, AHG1 - - kegg:k14497 rx00476 Reaction rx00476 protein deactivation inhibition deactivation by dephosphorylation with Ser/Thr-PK (SRK2.1-2.5 & 2.7-2.10) - - kegg:k14498 rx00477 Reaction rx00477 protein activation activation GBF4 binds to G-box motifs only as heterodimer with GBF2 or GBF3. A single amino acid change can confer G-box binding as homodimers. - - kegg:k14432 rx00610 Reaction rx00610 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition This transcriptional repression is the result of chromatin remodeling. An indirect interaction as we decided not to add epigeentics. nonactive SNRK is doing something: This repression of ABI5 requires the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodelling ATPase BRAHMA68. In the absence of ABA, BRAHMA inhibits the transcription of ABI5 by promoting nucleosome occupancy at the transcription start site of the ABI5 gene. Interestingly, phosphorylation of BRAHMA by SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6 appears to inhibit its action and, in turn, this inhibitory phosphate is removed by group A PP2C proteins doi:10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.003,pmid:26499068 rx00675 Reaction rx00675 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00478 Reaction rx00478 protein activation activation bZIP transcription factor family protein: TGA1,3,4,6,7,9,10, PNA, OBF5 - - kegg:k14431 rx00578 Reaction rx00578 transcriptional/translational activation activation Intriguingly,OE5-6showed selective up-regulation of HSP18.1-CI and HSP26.5-MII expression, in addition to APX2 (Supplemental Figs. S8, B and C, and S9). The results confirmed that ABA-mediated HSFA6b expression is required for proper stress-related gene expression under both salt and ABA treatments. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00860,pmid:27493213 rx00481 Reaction rx00481 translocation activation invented:harmonise-location rx00579 Reaction rx00579 transcriptional/translational activation activation In HSFA3-defective protoplasts, HSFA6b overexpression significantly activated the transcription of HSP18.1-CI and APX2 promoters (Fig. 7D; Supplemental Fig. S10B), and HSFA3 coexpression had an additive effect on their expression. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00860,pmid:27493213 rx00599 Reaction rx00599 protein activation activation drought causes stomata closure which causes CO2 deficiency as photosynthesis is using it doi:10.1105/tpc.007906,pmid:12468729 rx00600 Reaction rx00600 protein activation activation drought causes stomata closure which causes CO2 deficiency as photosynthesis is using it doi:10.1111/ele.12851,pmid:28922708 rx00601 Reaction rx00601 protein activation activation The calcium-permeable channel OSCA1.3 regulates plant stomatal immunity doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2702-1,pmid:32846426 rx00612 Reaction rx00612 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition ABF3 and ABF4 can directly induce the transcription of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), another key flowering gene doi:10.1105/tpc.113.119099,pmid:24285786 rx00486 Reaction rx00486 translocation activation invented:harmonise-location rx00604 Reaction rx00604 protein activation activation not fully confirmed interaction but good for the model doi:10.3390/plants3010160,pmid:27135498 rx00605 Reaction rx00605 transcriptional/translational activation activation Encodes a protein that is induced in expression in response to water deprivation such as cold, high-salt, and desiccation. The response appears to be via abscisic acid. The promoter region contains two ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) that are required for the dehydration-responsive expression of rd29B as cis-acting elements. Protein is a member of a gene family with other members found plants, animals and fungi. Upregulation by P. polymyxa CR1 increases drought resistance. doi:10.1105/tpc.6.2.251,pmid:8148648 rx00606 Reaction rx00606 transcriptional/translational activation activation Control of proline accumulation under drought via a novel pathway comprising the histone methylase CAU1 and the transcription factor ANAC055 doi:10.1093/jxb/erx419,pmid:29253181 rx00491 Reaction rx00491 protein activation activation activation by phosphorylation - - kegg:k14500 rx00492 Reaction rx00492 protein activation activation - - kegg:k14501 rx00530 Reaction rx00530 catalysis activation Three different pathways for the synthesis of BA have been proposed for plants: (1) CA oxidized by CoA-independent reactions in the cytosol, (2) CA activated with CoA and proceed through one cycle of peroxisomal β-oxidation, (3) CoA-dependent but β-oxidation-independent, pathway that combines elements of the first two pathways. we propose that AIM1 (AT4G29010) provides essential cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase activity for the β-oxidation pathway of BA synthesis mutants,quantification of individual glucosinolates, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,Chromatography doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807,metacyc:rxn-2002 rx00493 Reaction rx00493 degradation/secretion inhibition deactivation leading to proteasomal degradation of GSK1 (AT1G06390) and BIN2 (AT4G18710) - - kegg:k14502 rx00494 Reaction rx00494 protein activation activation Deactivation of BZR1/2 (homologues BES1, BEH1/2) by phosphorylation - - kegg:k14503 rx00495 Reaction rx00495 transcriptional/translational activation activation leads to cell elongation - kegg:k14503 rx00496 Reaction rx00496 transcriptional/translational activation activation leads to cell division - kegg:k14503 rx00497 Reaction rx00497 protein activation activation MKK4,5 activate MPK6, 10 by phosphorilation The results showed that constitutively active MKK4 and MKK5 (MKK4a and MKK5a, respectively) were equally effective at activating MPK3 and MPK6 luciferase, RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, Confocal Spectrophotometer doi:10.1038/415977a,doi:10.15252/embr.202153817,kegg:k14512 rx00500 Reaction rx00500 binding/oligomerisation activation The Interaction between NPR1 and WRKY18 Is Enhanced by SA yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1104/pp.19.00124 rx00501 Reaction rx00501 binding/oligomerisation activation The protein CDKE-1 is named CDK8 in the article. SA Promotes the Interaction between NPR1 and CDK8 yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1104/pp.19.00124 rx00502 Reaction rx00502 binding/oligomerisation activation Taken together, these data indicate that CDK8 interacts with WRKY6 and WRKY18. yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1104/pp.19.00124 rx00531 Reaction rx00531 translocation activation Three different pathways for the synthesis of BA have been proposed for plants: (1) CA oxidized by CoA-independent reactions in the cytosol, (2) CA activated with CoA and proceed through one cycle of peroxisomal β-oxidation, (3) CoA-dependent but β-oxidation-independent, pathway that combines elements of the first two pathways. Our results indicate that CA [trans-cinnamic acid] is also imported into peroxisomes via CTS mutants,quantification of individual glucosinolates, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, chromatography doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807 rx00504 Reaction rx00504 binding/oligomerisation activation The protein CDKE-1 is named CDK8 in the article. We found that HA-CDK8 coimmunoprecipitated with TGA5-GFP and TGA7-GFP but not with the GFP control (Fig. 7B), confirming that TGA5 and TGA7 interact with CDK8 in planta. yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1104/pp.19.00124 rx00505 Reaction rx00505 protein deactivation inhibition Both sequestration and degradation of PIF3 by DELLAs reduced the binding activity of PIF3 to its target genes. ChIP-qPCR analysis doi:10.1038/ncomms11868 rx00537 Reaction rx00537 translocation activation Whether benzoyl-CoA is ultimately exported from the peroxisome or is acted upon by a thioesterase to produce BA for export is unknown, although it is generally argued that CoA esters are not exported, since this could deplete the peroxisomal pools of CoA PCR, (RT)-PCR,, HiTrap-Q HP, Mono-Q fraction, bacterial expression vector, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry doi:10.1104/pp.113.229807,ec:1.2.1.28,aracyc:benzaldehyde-dehydrogenase-nad+-rxn rx00538 Reaction rx00538 catalysis activation Here, we report that Arabidopsis siliques contain an enzymatic activity capable of converting BD to BA. We further show that at least some of this activity resides in a 145-kD protein, designated ARABIDOPSIS ALDEHYDE OXIDASE4 (AAO4) [...]. - doi:10.1104/pp.109.135848,pmid:19297586 rx00507 Reaction rx00507 transcriptional/translational activation activation we have shown that MYC2 binds to the promoter of several important defense regulators, including PEPR1, MKK4, RIN4, and the second intron of ICS1. MYC2 positively regulates the expression of RIN4, MKK4, and ICS1; however, it negatively regulates the expression of PEPR1. electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), confirmation with promoter mutation and MYC2 oe plants doi:10.1111/ppl.13575 rx00508 Reaction rx00508 transcriptional/translational activation activation we have shown that MYC2 binds to the promoter of several important defense regulators, including PEPR1, MKK4, RIN4, and the second intron of ICS1. MYC2 positively regulates the expression of RIN4, MKK4, and ICS1; however, it negatively regulates the expression of PEPR1. electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), confirmation with promoter mutation and MYC2 oe plants doi:10.1111/ppl.13575 rx00509 Reaction rx00509 transcriptional/translational activation activation we have shown that MYC2 binds to the promoter of several important defense regulators, including PEPR1, MKK4, RIN4, and the second intron of ICS1. MYC2 positively regulates the expression of RIN4, MKK4, and ICS1; however, it negatively regulates the expression of PEPR1. electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), confirmation with promoter mutation and MYC2 oe plants doi:10.1111/ppl.13575 rx00510 Reaction rx00510 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition we have shown that MYC2 binds to the promoter of several important defense regulators, including PEPR1, MKK4, RIN4, and the second intron of ICS1. MYC2 positively regulates the expression of RIN4, MKK4, and ICS1; however, it negatively regulates the expression of PEPR1. electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), confirmation with promoter mutation and MYC2 oe plants doi:10.1111/ppl.13575 rx00511 Reaction rx00511 protein activation activation Together, results from Y2H and Co-IP assays indicate that TCP8, TCP14, and TCP15 physically interact with NPR1. yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01153 rx00512 Reaction rx00512 binding/oligomerisation activation Here we examined the perception of the damage-associated molecular pattern peptide 1 (AtPep1), an endogenous peptide of Arabidopsis identified earlier and shown to be perceived by the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase PEPR1. The double mutant also fails to respond to AtPep2 and AtPep3, two distant homologues of AtPep1 on the basis of homology screening, implying that the PEPR1 and PEPR2 are responsible for their perception too. plasma membrane depolarization assay, seedling growth inhibition, elicitation of an oxidative burst and induction of ethylene biosynthesis doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.097394 rx00513 Reaction rx00513 binding/oligomerisation activation Following ligand perception, PRR triggers downstream signaling events involving dynamic protein association/ dissociation in the receptor complexes. The LRR-RLK BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) (and related SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEP- TOR KINASEs (SERKs)), initially described as a co-receptor for the LRR-RLK brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 [6–8], is recruited to LRR-RLK PRRs such as FLAGEL- LIN SENSING2 (FLS2), ELONGATION FACTOR (EF)-TU RECEPTOR (EFR), and PEP RECEPTOR1 (PEPR1)/PEPR2, which recognize the bacterial MAMPs flagellin (flg22 epitope) and EF-Tu (elf18 epitope) and endogenous PROPEP peptide-derived DAMPs (Pep epi- topes), respectively [9–12]. review doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.007 rx00545 Reaction rx00545 protein deactivation inhibition TOR phosphorylation of PYLs prevents activation of stress responses when stress is absent. phosphorylation assays, CoIP doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.002,pmid:29290610,pmid:29986898,doi:10.1242/dev.160887 rx00540 Reaction rx00540 catalysis activation Alternative (likely dominant) path from prephenate to phenylalanine The initial step of the arogenate pathway is catalyzed by PPA-AT, which converts prephenate to arogenate recombinant His6-tagged proteins, mass spec, RNAi, doi:10.1038/nchembio.485,aracyc:prephenate-transamine-rxn rx00541 Reaction rx00541 catalysis activation Alternative (likely dominant) path from prephenate to phenylalanine Prephenate is first transaminated to L-arogenate, then dehydrated and decarboxy-lated to phenylalanine [...] catalyzed by arogenate dehydratase (ADT) recombinant His6-tagged proteins, mass spec, RNAi doi:10.1038/nchembio.485 rx00543 Reaction rx00543 catalysis activation [...] the CYP73A5 protein catalyzed the hydroxylation of trans-cinnamic acid to produce p-coumaric acid baculovirus expression vector system, Southern blot analysis, PCR, RNA gel-blot analysis doi:10.1104/pp.113.3.755,pmid: 9085571,kegg:R02253,aracyc:TRANS-CINNAMATE-4-MONOOXYGENASE-RXN,ec:1.14.14.91 rx00582 Reaction rx00582 transcriptional/translational activation activation HCPro is quite a well-conserved protein in members of the genus Potyvirus. Inside the infected cells, the viral RNA of potyvirids is uncoated and translated into polyproteins which are proteolytically processed by viral-encoded proteinases producing, in most cases, the following mature viral gene products: P1, the helper component proteinase (HCPro), P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa (VPg + Pro), NIb and CP. doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00583 Reaction rx00583 transcriptional/translational activation activation Inside the infected cells, the viral RNA of potyvirids is uncoated and translated into polyproteins which are proteolytically processed by viral-encoded proteinases producing, in most cases, the following mature viral gene products: P1, the helper component proteinase (HCPro), P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa (VPg + Pro), NIb and CP. doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00584 Reaction rx00584 transcriptional/translational activation activation Inside the infected cells, the viral RNA of potyvirids is uncoated and translated into polyproteins which are proteolytically processed by viral-encoded proteinases producing, in most cases, the following mature viral gene products: P1, the helper component proteinase (HCPro), P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa (VPg + Pro), NIb and CP. doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00585 Reaction rx00585 transcriptional/translational activation activation Inside the infected cells, the viral RNA of potyvirids is uncoated and translated into polyproteins which are proteolytically processed by viral-encoded proteinases producing, in most cases, the following mature viral gene products: P1, the helper component proteinase (HCPro), P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa (VPg + Pro), NIb and CP. doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00586 Reaction rx00586 transcriptional/translational activation activation Inside the infected cells, the viral RNA of potyvirids is uncoated and translated into polyproteins which are proteolytically processed by viral-encoded proteinases producing, in most cases, the following mature viral gene products: P1, the helper component proteinase (HCPro), P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa (VPg + Pro), NIb and CP. doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00588 Reaction rx00588 transcriptional/translational activation activation Induction of miR168 by VSRs (viral suppressors of RNA silencing) controls the expression of AGO1, and therefore RNA Silencing/antiviral RISC activity. Analysis of the p19 mediation of this reaction in the second reference. Using a transient assay, which mimics the virus infection process, we revealed that four different VSRs (p122, p38, HcPro and 2b) were also able to induce miR168. Northern blotting, Real-time RT-PCR, Western blot doi:10.1111/mpp.12029,doi:10.1111/mpp.12553 rx00589 Reaction rx00589 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Induction of miR168 by VSRs (viral suppressors of RNA silencing) controls the expression of AGO1, and therefore RNA Silencing/antiviral RISC activity. Moreover, we show that in virus-infected plants the elevated level of miR168 is associated with the induced AGO1 mRNA expression but reduced AGO1 protein accumulation [...]. Northern blotting, In situ hybridization, Real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, Gel filtration assay doi:10.1111/mpp.12553,doi:10.1111/mpp.12029 rx00621 Reaction rx00621 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In addition, both VPg and NIb interact with the poly(A)-binding proteins PABP2 (At4g34110), PABP4 (At2g23350), and PABP8 (At1g49760). ELISA binding assay doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00590 Reaction rx00590 transcriptional/translational activation activation Production of viral derived dsRNA. doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830 rx00591 Reaction rx00591 catalysis activation ribonuclease type III-like enzymes named Dicer that process double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small RNA duplexes. In Arabidopsis, DCL2 and DCL4 process double-stranded RNA into 22 and 21 nucleotide small interfering (si)RNAs, respectively [...]. doi:10.1111/tpj.12720 rx00592 Reaction rx00592 catalysis activation ribonuclease type III-like enzymes named Dicer that process double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small RNA duplexes. In Arabidopsis, DCL2 and DCL4 process double-stranded RNA into 22 and 21 nucleotide small interfering (si)RNAs, respectively [...]. doi:10.1111/tpj.12720 rx00593 Reaction rx00593 binding/oligomerisation activation RISC includes an Argonaute protein bound to the single-stranded siRNA doi:10.1038/nrmicro1239,doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2006.01.010,doi:10.1128/JVI.02383-06 rx00622 Reaction rx00622 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In addition, both VPg and NIb interact with the poly(A)-binding proteins PABP2 (At4g34110), PABP4 (At2g23350), and PABP8 (At1g49760). ELISA binding assay doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00581 Reaction rx00581 binding/oligomerisation inhibition HcPro binds to vsiRNAs, sequestering them away from AGO1, consequently inhibiting RISC formation. HC-Pro was shown to sequester viral siRNAs away from AGO1, AGO2 and AGO10, leading to the obvious proposal that HC-Pro interferes with antiviral silencing by preventing AGOs from loading with virus-derived siRNAs. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004755,doi:10.1128/JVI.00367-17,doi:10.1128/JVI.01963-05,doi:10.1099/vir.0.060269-0 rx00594 Reaction rx00594 catalysis activation The methylation reaction by-product SAH is subsequently broken down to adenosine and l–homocysteine by an enzyme called S–adenosyl-l–homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) doi:10.1111/tpj.13088 rx00595 Reaction rx00595 catalysis activation l-homocysteine is recycled back to l-methionine by methionine synthase. doi:10.1111/tpj.13088,aracyc:homocysmet-rxn rx00596 Reaction rx00596 transcriptional/translational activation activation The RDRs have different target templates, and the new dsRNA are processed by different DCLs. Our findings demonstrate that in addition to the components involved in dicing and slicing, the RNA silencing antiviral defense in plants requires an essential RDR function to amplify viral siRNAs by either RDR1 or RDR6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904086107 rx00008 Reaction rx00008 binding/oligomerisation activation Modelled as ET competitively binding CTR(a) complex. Without ethylene: EIN2 is targeted for degradation by ETP1/2 (F-box proteins), EIN3/EIL1 are targeted for degradation by EBF1/2 (F-box proteins). Ethylene inhibits ETR-CTR complex. doi:10.1105/tpc.001768 rx00516 Reaction rx00516 catalysis activation this reaction is also reported in doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.005 (slightly different methods) isochorismate-9-glutamate,...spontaneously decomposes into SA and 2-hydroxy-acryloyl-N-glutamate MS, mutants, in vitro enzymatic assays, Pseudomonas inoculation doi:10.1126/science.aaw1720,doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.005 rx00623 Reaction rx00623 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In addition, both VPg and NIb interact with the poly(A)-binding proteins PABP2 (At4g34110), PABP4 (At2g23350), and PABP8 (At1g49760). ELISA binding assay doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 rx00518 Reaction rx00518 protein deactivation inhibition "Aux/IAA protein blocks ARF-mediated activation of AuxRE-containing promoters" yeast- or protoplast-based assays doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134148 rx00624 Reaction rx00624 catalysis activation Wound-induced production of PA PLD hydrolyzes phospholipids at the terminal phosphoesteric bond, generating phosphatidic acid (PA) - doi:10.1105/tpc.12.11.2237,metacyc:phoschol-rxn rx00094 Reaction rx00094 binding/oligomerisation activation GSNO is responsible for S-nitrosylation of Cys156 of NPR1, thus allowing for (re)oligomerisation of NPR1 (inhibiting its action). Keep in mind that non-nitrosylated NPR1 also binds into a complex. doi:10.1126/science.1156970,doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00429-x rx00625 Reaction rx00625 protein activation activation MKK5 was specifically activated by constitutively active MEKK1 (ΔMEKK1) luciferase, RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, Confocal Spectrophotometer doi:10.15252/embr.202153817 rx00514 Reaction rx00514 catalysis activation This reaction also reported in DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1720. PBS3, SID1, and SID2 identified as a minimum gene set necessary and sufficient to reconstitute de novo SA biosynthesis in a heterologous plant host. PBS3, a GH3 acyl adenylase-family enzyme important for SA accumulation, catalyzes ATP- and Mg2+-dependent conjugation of L-glutamate primarily to the 8-carboxyl of isochorismate and yields the key SA biosynthetic intermediate, isochorismoyl-glutamate A in vitro enzyme assays, mutants, docking simulation. reconstitution experiments in N. benthamiana doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.005 rx00638 Reaction rx00638 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In the present study, experiments were carried out to detect protein–protein interactions of the PPV proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00626 Reaction rx00626 binding/oligomerisation activation AGO7 is uniquely associated with miR390 Transgenes, RNA Blots, Quantitative PCR, 5' RACE Assays, transient assays, GUS Assays, Immunoprecipitation, Small RNA Sequencing doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.033 rx00627 Reaction rx00627 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00628 Reaction rx00628 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00629 Reaction rx00629 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00630 Reaction rx00630 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00631 Reaction rx00631 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00517 Reaction rx00517 translocation activation contradicts rx00072 (SA is exported from chloroplasts, reported by Metraux group). This paper has better evidence. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5, exports isochorismate from the plastid to the cytosol mutant in combination with colocalization doi:10.1126/science.aaw1720 rx00632 Reaction rx00632 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00633 Reaction rx00633 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00634 Reaction rx00634 binding/oligomerisation inhibition VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00635 Reaction rx00635 binding/oligomerisation inhibition It is evident that P1 interacts with CI and also with VPg, NIa-Pro and CP bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00047 Reaction rx00047 binding/oligomerisation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8,doi:10.1126/scisignal.3109cm4,doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.037,doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092007,doi:10.1105/tpc.110.080788 rx00567 Reaction rx00567 protein activation activation MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNEL OF SMALL CONDUCTANCE-LIKE (MSL) are non-selective ion channels activated by tension caused by hypoosmolarity doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00479-6,pmid:35513718 rx00639 Reaction rx00639 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In the present study, experiments were carried out to detect protein–protein interactions of the PPV proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00640 Reaction rx00640 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In the present study, experiments were carried out to detect protein–protein interactions of the PPV proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00641 Reaction rx00641 binding/oligomerisation inhibition In the present study, experiments were carried out to detect protein–protein interactions of the PPV proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFC) doi:10.1099/vir.0.033811-0 rx00642 Reaction rx00642 catalysis activation In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to verify that the APRT (Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) family proteins, particularly APT1, catalyze the conversion from CK bases to nucleotides, which functions in the opposite way to LONELY GUY (LOG) enzymes. mutants and transgenic plants, RT–PCR, His-tag-facilitated affinity purification doi:10.1093/mp/sst071,pmid:23658065 rx00676 Reaction rx00676 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00677 Reaction rx00677 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00678 Reaction rx00678 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00679 Reaction rx00679 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00680 Reaction rx00680 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00681 Reaction rx00681 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00682 Reaction rx00682 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00683 Reaction rx00683 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00696 Reaction rx00696 catalysis activation Overall, these results tell us that the substrate specificity and productivity of the MES10 on MeJA was considerably higher than other tested enzymes, indicating that MES10 is the AtMJE, an enzyme responsible for the specific hydrolysis of MeJA in Arabidopsis. esterase activity assay/thin-layer chromatography, in planta GC-MS with chemical ionization doi:10.1007/s13765-012-2201-7 rx00685 Reaction rx00685 transcriptional/translational activation activation ORA59 actives AtACT promoter activity through the GCC-box motifs in the AtACT promoter region. ET-induced AtACT expression requires both ORA59 and class II TGA transcription factors. ORA59 transactivates AtACT and ORA59 promoter activities in protoplast transient expression assays Dual-Luciferase reporter protoplast transient expression assay, promoter mutation and qPCR doi:10.1002/jcp.30935 rx00686 Reaction rx00686 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00687 Reaction rx00687 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00688 Reaction rx00688 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00689 Reaction rx00689 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00690 Reaction rx00690 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00691 Reaction rx00691 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00692 Reaction rx00692 binding/oligomerisation inhibition To gain insights about the interaction between potyviral NIa and the host cell during infection, we constructed Tobacco etch virus (TEV, genus Potyvirus) infectious clones in which the VPg or the NIaPro domains of NIa were tagged with the affinity polypeptide Twin-Strep-tag and identified the host proteins targeted by the viral proteins by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS). Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis (AP-MS) doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2394-y rx00444 Reaction rx00444 binding/oligomerisation inhibition NPR1 also strongly interacted with MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, protein-protein interaction assays, pull-down assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110125 rx00446 Reaction rx00446 binding/oligomerisation inhibition NPR1 also strongly interacted with MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, protein-protein interaction assays, pull-down assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110125 rx00697 Reaction rx00697 transcriptional/translational activation activation The exact mechanism in JA induction of CPI8 is unknown. In all five [CPI8] promoters tested with the LUC assay, we confirmed that a statistically significant induction occurs when treated with JA. Induction is accompanied by two increases in activity after approx. three and 19 hours after the start of the treatment [...]. luciferase assay doi:20.500.12556/RUL-119691,doi:10.1023/A:1005853026333 rx00698 Reaction rx00698 transcriptional/translational activation activation The exact mechanism in JA (wounding) induction of MC is unknown. doi:10.1023/a:1005853026333,doi:10.1007/bf00021535,doi:20.500.12556/RUL-119691 rx00598 Reaction rx00598 transcriptional/translational activation activation Decline in oxygen leads to stabilisation of ERF-VII, and initiates hypoxia‐adaptive gene expression, and anaerobic metabolism This suggests that stabilization of any of the three ERF-VII RAPs is sufficient to upregulate ADH1 and its gene product. overexpression, protein quantification doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00866 rx00699 Reaction rx00699 protein activation activation Temperature-induced fluidity increments in the plasma membrane caused a transient channel opening and an influx of external Ca2+ into the cytoplasm, which was followed within minutes by channel closing despite the ongoing heat-inducing conditions, allowing Ca2+ pumps to extrude excess Ca2+ from the cytoplasm [...] CNGC2, and CNGC4 were found to be major regulatory components of the land plant thermosensory machinery controlling the HSR and acquired thermotolerance. mutants, Immunoblot doi:10.1105/tpc.112.095844,pmid:22904147 rx00700 Reaction rx00700 translocation activation The combination of various CNGC isoforms to encode specific types of Ca2+ channels could help assigning different Ca2+ signatures to disparate stimuli that all generate increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ mutants, Immunoblots doi:10.1105/tpc.112.095844,pmid:22904147 rx00701 Reaction rx00701 protein activation activation Our results suggest that increased cytosolic Ca2+ can reduce H2O2 levels by means of Ca2+/CaM-mediated stimulation of catalase activity Binding Assay, Gel Mobility-Shift Assay, Western blotting doi:10.1073/pnas.052564899,pmid:11891305 rx00702 Reaction rx00702 transcriptional/translational activation activation In summary, the results presented in this study demonstrate that ERF74 and ERF75 act as an on–off switch that controls an RbohD-dependent mechanism in response to different stresses and maintains H2O2 homeostasis in Arabidopsis. [...] It appears that ERF75 plays a redundant role in this process, whereas ERF74 plays a major role. Under stress conditions, ERF74 moves into the nucleus, binds to the RbohD promoter and strongly up-regulates its expression within a few minutes transgenic plants, protoplast transactivation assays, confocal laser scanning microscope, flow cytometer, qPCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, thiobarbituric acid test doi:10.1111/nph.14278 rx00703 Reaction rx00703 binding/oligomerisation activation GI interacts with DELLAs and degrades it GI Interacts with the DELLA Proteins yeast 2-hybrid doi:10.1073/pnas.1913532116,pmid:31597737 rx00704 Reaction rx00704 binding/oligomerisation activation Given the physical interaction between GI and PIFs through a region containing the bHLH domain, we hypothesized that GI could function to prevent the access of PIFs to their target promoters and/or affect their stability. Protein pulldown, ChIPseq doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.030 rx00706 Reaction rx00706 catalysis activation [...] proline accumulation in A. thaliana seems to depend almost exclusively on transcriptional AtP5CS1 induction The first and committed step in proline synthesis from glutamate is catalyzed by δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase Cloning, heterologous expression and affinity purification, Enzyme assay doi:10.1111/pce.14817 rx00707 Reaction rx00707 catalysis activation The kinetic properties of A. thaliana P5CR were strongly dependent on the use of either NADH or NADPH as the electron donor. [...] proline is synthesized from ornithine, which is converted to P5C by a pyridoxal-dependent ornithine-δ-aminotransferase in mitochondria (da Rocha et al., 2012). By contrast, under osmotic stress conditions and/or nitrogen starvation, P5C is produced from glutamate by a bifunctional P5C synthetase (Székely et al., 2008; Turchetto-Zolet et al., 2009). The two pathways share the last reaction, in which L-P5C is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (P5CR; EC 1.5.1.2). Enzyme assay, Cloning and heterologous expression doi:10.1111/nph.12701 rx00708 Reaction rx00708 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition IPT1, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were up-regulated in atmyb2 relative to the wild type, suggesting that locally enhanced cytokinin biosynthesis is responsible for the elevated cytokinin levels and that AtMYB2 is likely a negative regulator of some IPTs. [...] Further investigation on how AtMYB2 regulates the transcription of IPTs, and how the AtMYB2-cytokinin pathway is related to local synthesis of auxin and the third branching-regulating hormone strigolactone, will be necessary to unravel the mechanisms of AtMYB2-mediated branching control and whole plant senescence. AtMYB2 is expressed to inhibit the expression of the IPT genes to prevent cytokinin production transgenic lines, RT-PCR, purification, and quantification of ZR and IPA families of cytokinins, phenotypisation, microscopy doi:10.1104/pp.111.177022 rx00709 Reaction rx00709 transcriptional/translational activation activation ATAF1-mediated induction of NCED3 [AT3G14440] in plants over-expressing ATAF1 correlates with increased ABA levels. This identifies abscisic acid biosynthetic NCED3 as an ATAF1 regulatory target gene. protein binding microarrays (PBM), co-expression analyses and chromatin-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1016/j.fob.2013.07.006 rx00710 Reaction rx00710 transcriptional/translational activation activation Mechanism is unknown: ATAF1 was also induced by 100 μM ABA treatment and the 5′-flanking promoter region of ATAF1 contains putative ABREs (ABA dependent stress response), DRE/CRT-like elements (ABA independent stress response), as well as WRKY and DOF core elements. The ATAF1 mRNA accumulated within 2 h after drought treatment. The transcript was continuously elevated for up to 10 h. The result suggests that ATAF1 transcription is induced in response to osmotic stress. reverse transcription and PCR, mutants, GFP fusion, RNA isolation, Northern-blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, Transcription activation activity analysis in yeast doi:10.1007/s11103-006-9089-8 rx00713 Reaction rx00713 protein activation activation immunity StPTP1a functions as a phosphatase and StMKK1 increases the enzymatic activity of StPTP1a by phosphorylation of the protein at Ser-99, Tyr-223 and Thr-290. in vitro phosphorylation doi:10.1111/pbi.13979,pmid:36519513 rx00712 Reaction rx00712 transcriptional/translational activation activation SENESCENSE LEAVES EIN3/EIL1 and NPR1 synergistically transactivate the promoter of ORE1 and SAG29 transient dual‐ luciferase assay with Arabidopsis protoplasts; doi:10.1111/jipb.13075,pmid:33501715 rx00711 Reaction rx00711 binding/oligomerisation activation Arabidopsis sen- escing leaves (Figure NPR1 protein was co‐ immunoprecipitated with EIN3 protein co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP), split‐luciferase complementation assay with Nicotiana benthamiana doi:10.1111/jipb.13075,pmid:33501715 rx00714 Reaction rx00714 protein activation activation MKK1 and MKK2 appear to be redundant in activating MPK4 MKK1 and MKK2 are both involved in the enhancement of MPK4 activity by elicitor treatment | Arabidopsis MPK4 is activated under a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions, probably through the MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 kinase cascade. BiFC, single mutants, double mutant, Kinase assays doi:10.1038/cr.2008.300,doi:10.1104/pp.108.120006 rx00715 Reaction rx00715 transcriptional/translational activation activation HY5 is a novel negative regulator of ethylene biosynthesis, and that this regulation is through ABA-dependent activation of AtERF11 expression HY5 binds to the AtERF11 promoter with the highest affinity in the P2′ region and activates the ABA-dependent expression of AtERF11 gas chromatography, mutants, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, qPCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04670.x,pmid:21645149 rx00716 Reaction rx00716 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Experiment conducted on ACS2 and ACS5: In the case of the ACS2 and ACS5 promoters, the interaction of AtERF11–ACS2 was stronger than that of AtERF11–ACS5 [...] AtERF11 binds to the promoters of ACS2 and ACS5, presumably in the DRE region, to repress its expression, resulting in decreased ethylene biosynthesis. mutants, ChIP enrichment test by quantitative PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04670.x,pmid:21645149 rx00723 Reaction rx00723 catalysis activation via coordinated activities of myo-INOSITOL KINASE (MIK) and INOSITOL-TETRAKISPHOSPHATE 5,6-KINASES (ITPKs), InsP is sequentially phosphorylated to generate InsP5 T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, SAX-HPLC doi:10.1007/s00299-021-02812-3,kegg:k00913 rx00724 Reaction rx00724 catalysis activation In Arabidopsis thaliana, a single gene-encoding INOSITOL PENTAKISPHOSPHATE 2-KINASE (IPK1) catalyzes the synthesis of InsP6 from InsP5 T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, SAX-HPLC doi:10.1007/s00299-021-02812-3,metacyc:at5g42810,kegg:k19786 rx00725 Reaction rx00725 catalysis activation InsP6 is pyrophosphorylated in vitro and in planta by ITPK1/2 to generate InsP7 T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, SAX-HPLC doi:10.1007/s00299-021-02812-3,metacyc:at5g16760,kegg:k00913 rx00726 Reaction rx00726 binding/oligomerisation activation Moreover, CDK8-HA were immunoprecipitated by RAP2.6-GFP in Co-IP assays confirming the physical interaction between CDK8 and RAP2.6. Yeast-2-Hybrid, CoIP, BIFC (BiMolecularFluorescenceComplementation) doi:10.1111/nph.16787,pmid:32619295 rx00727 Reaction rx00727 binding/oligomerisation activation SnRK2.6-MYC was present in RAP2.6-GFP immune-complex, and RAP2.6-GFP was also pulled down by SnRK2.6-MYC. Using Y2H and BiFC assays, SnRK2.6 was demonstrated to directly interact with RAP2.6. Yeast-2-Hybrid, CoIP, BIFC (BiMolecularFluorescenceComplementation) doi:10.1111/nph.16787,pmid:32619295 rx00728 Reaction rx00728 catalysis activation Identifiers: , VIH1 - At5g15070 , VIH2 - At3g01310 InsP7 is further pyrophosphorylated by VIH1/2 to produce InsP8 T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, SAX-HPLC doi:10.1007/s00299-021-02812-3,kegg:at5g15070 rx00736 Reaction rx00736 protein activation activation Consistent with the previous report, phosphorylation by CDG1 increased the interaction of WT BSU1 with BIN2 immunoblotting of mutants doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01167-1 rx00737 Reaction rx00737 protein activation activation Our observations of direct interaction between BSU1 and MEKK1 support a model that BSU1 activates MEKK1 by dephosphorylating its auto-regulatory domain. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01167-1 rx00729 Reaction rx00729 binding/oligomerisation activation SGT1b–HSP70–HSP90 chaperones play a key role in JA–COR signalling co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.49 rx00730 Reaction rx00730 protein activation activation It was tested in the root. JA–COR receptor COI1 is a client protein of SGT1b–HSP70–HSP90 chaperone complexes co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.49 rx00731 Reaction rx00731 protein activation activation The auxin receptor TIR1 is also a client protein of SGT1b co-immunoprecipitation doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.49 rx00732 Reaction rx00732 protein activation activation The kinase activity of AK1-6H was stimulated by Ca2+ (up to 127-fold) in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1021/bi00189a031 rx00733 Reaction rx00733 protein activation activation CPK1 phosphorylates ORE1 within an intrinsically disordered region located at the C-terminal transcription regulatory domain of the ORE1 protein and controls transactivation differential phospho proteomics, in vitro kinase assay, in vivo kinase assay in transiently transformed protoplasts doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00810 rx00734 Reaction rx00734 transcriptional/translational activation activation In the presence of CPK1-VK, in addition to ORE1, a significant further increase in BFN1 promoter activation (30-fold) occurred transactivation assay in transiently transformed protoplasts, knock out/over expression mutant analysis doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00810 rx00735 Reaction rx00735 protein activation activation These results demonstrate that BIK1 phosphorylates the Ser251 residue of BSU1 in response to flagellin–FLS2 signalling immunoprecipitation doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01167-1 rx00738 Reaction rx00738 protein activation activation TCH3 binding to PID is Ca2+ dependent in vitro pull down assays doi:10.1104/pp.103.019943 rx00739 Reaction rx00739 binding/oligomerisation activation TCH3 binding to PID is Ca2+ dependent yeast two hybrid screen, targeted yeast two hybrid assay, in vitro pull downs doi:10.1104/pp.103.019943 rx00740 Reaction rx00740 protein activation activation PBP1 binding to PID is enhanced by Ca2+ in vitro pull down assays doi:10.1104/pp.103.019943 rx00741 Reaction rx00741 binding/oligomerisation activation PBP1 binding to PID is enhanced by Ca2+ yeast two hybrid screen, targeted yeast two hybrid assay, in vitro pull downs doi:10.1104/pp.103.019943 rx00742 Reaction rx00742 protein activation activation The CD-spec analysis suggested that CMI1 can bind Ca2+ at free Ca2+ concentrations ranging between 10−9 and 10−8 M SEC-MALS, CD spectroscopy doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000085 rx00743 Reaction rx00743 binding/oligomerisation activation His-ICR1 was immunoprecipitated together with His-CMI1 using anti-CMI1 antibodies in the presence of Ca2+ yeast 2 hybrid, in vitro pull down, in vivo co-localisation assay doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000085 rx00744 Reaction rx00744 protein activation activation the brassinosteroid hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and the flagellin receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), regulate downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, respectively, through phosphocoding of the BRI1-SUPPRESSOR1 (BSU1) phosphatase. immunoprecipitation doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01167-1 rx00745 Reaction rx00745 transcriptional/translational activation activation Real-time quantitative RT–PCR analysis revealed that expression of miR398 precursors is also elevated under heat stress, and that heat stress induces expression of miR398b to a much higher level than that of the other two miR398 precursors. HSFA1b and HSFA7b, but not HSFA1a, HSFA7a or HSFB2a, are able to bind directly to the promoter regions of miR398b where core HSEs are located. Two HSFs are responsible for the heat induction of miR398 [...] ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that HSFA1b and HSFA7b bind to the miR398b promoter under heat stress ChIP, real-time quantitative PCR analysis doi:10.1111/tpj.12169 rx00746 Reaction rx00746 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition [...] miR398 is controlling the level of both CSD1 and CSD2 post-transcriptionally by two means: directly by directing the slicing of their mRNAs, and indirectly by triggering cleavage of the mRNA encoding the copper chaperone necessary for their activation mutants, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04162.x rx00747 Reaction rx00747 protein activation activation Although the double knock-out line hsf1/3 does not exhibit a strong loss of thermotolerance, the combination of the two mutations has clear negative effects on the immediate induction of expression of all tested HSF target genes for HSPs and heat-inducible HSFs. [...] After 2 h of HS there is no difference in the levels of mRNA expressed from HSF target genes between WT and hsf1/3 double mutant plants. [AtHsf1 = HsfA1a, AtHSF3 = HSFA1b] [...] HSF1 and HSF3 are the major heat-activated DNA-binding factors that recognize the conserved HSE sequences mutants, EMSA doi:10.1007/s00438-003-0954-8 rx00748 Reaction rx00748 transcriptional/translational activation activation NGA1 regulates NCED3 through a cis-element NBE in the 5′ UTR in the promoter NGA1 is a transcriptional activator of NCED3 qRT-PCR, transactivation assays, EMSA and ChIP Assay, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry doi:10.1073/pnas.1811491115,pmid:30397148 rx00749 Reaction rx00749 catalysis activation AtBG1 enzymatic activity was activated 4-fold by dehydration. ABA-GE is actively imported into the ER via the ER membrane. ABA produced by AtBG1 in the ER contributes to an increase in intracellular levels for ABA signaling. β-glucosidase homolog AtBG1 generates ABA from ABA-GE mutant, western blotting, immunopurification and incubation,high-pressure liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.034,pmid:16990135,kegg:r09723 rx00750 Reaction rx00750 protein activation activation dehydration induces polymerization of AtBG1, polymerized forms of β-glucosidases have higher enzymatic activity AtBG1 enzymatic activity was activated 4-fold by dehydration coimmunoprecipitation, gel filtration, western blotting doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.034,pmid:16990135 rx00751 Reaction rx00751 catalysis activation CYP707As are induced by exogenous ABA treatment, dehydration or rehydration in Arabidopsis, CYP707A3 is at least one of the ABA 8′-hydroxylases that function to degrade endogenous ABA at the post-germination stage CYP707A1 to A4, one of the cytochrome P450 family in Arabidopsis, as the enzyme responsible for catalysing ABA 8′-hydroxylation GC-selected ion monitoring, RNA gel-blot doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02683.x,metacyc:1.14.13.93-RXN,kegg:r07202,pmid:15064374,doi:10.1104/pp.103.037614,pmid:15044947,doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600121 rx00752 Reaction rx00752 catalysis activation 8'-hydroxy ABA cyclizes spontaneously (and/or enzymatically) to form PA spontaneous cyclization kegg:r07576,metacyc:RXN-8153 rx00753 Reaction rx00753 catalysis activation - - metacyc:rxn-8154,kegg:r07577 rx00754 Reaction rx00754 catalysis activation DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1 (DAO1) catalyzes formation of oxIAA in vitro and in vivo and that this mechanism regulates auxin homeostasis and plant growth isotope-labeled auxin feeding experiments, mutants, metabolite profiling (LC-MS/MS), in vitro enzyme assays, Confocal microscopy doi:10.1073/pnas.1604375113,metacyc:rxn-3181,kegg:r12501,doi:10.1073/pnas.1604458113,doi:10.1073/pnas.1604769113 rx00755 Reaction rx00755 transcriptional/translational activation activation UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 are involved in cold stress response under the regulation of CBF1 EMSA, yeast one-hybrid assays and ChIP assay doi:10.1111/tpj.13324 rx00756 Reaction rx00756 transcriptional/translational activation activation UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 are involved in cold stress response under the regulation of CBF1 EMSA, yeast one-hybrid assays and ChIP assay doi:10.1111/tpj.13324 rx00757 Reaction rx00757 catalysis activation When incubated with 12OH-JA-Ile, TA signal was detected only with IAR3 IAR3 can also generate TA [tuberonic acid] by cleaving 12OH-JA-Ile RT-Quantitative PCR, plant extracts and enzymatic incubations, ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.499228,metacyc:rxn-18481 rx00758 Reaction rx00758 transcriptional/translational activation activation Quantitative PCR analysis of the DNA immunoprecipitated by the anti-HA antibody confirmed that WRKY70 is a binding target of SARD1 CHIP-seq + RNA-Seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00759 Reaction rx00759 transcriptional/translational activation activation To determine whether WRKY70 is also a binding target of CBP60g, we carried out ChIP-PCR experiments on transgenic plants expressing a CBP60g-HA fusion protein under its own promoter using the anti-HA antibody. As shown in Fig. 2b, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter region of WRKY70. CHIP-seq + RNA-Seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00760 Reaction rx00760 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments confirmed that SARD1 is targeted to the promoter region of EDS5 CHIP-seq + RNA-Seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00761 Reaction rx00761 transcriptional/translational activation activation Further ChIP-PCR analysis showed that CBP60g also binds to the promoter region of EDS5 CHIP-seq + RNA-Seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00762 Reaction rx00762 transcriptional/translational activation activation Another candidate target gene of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq is NPR1, which encodes a putative SA receptor11. A peak with a height of 163 was identified ∼100 bp upstream of the translation start site of NPR1 (Table 1). Binding of SARD1 to the promoter region of NPR1 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR CHIP-seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00763 Reaction rx00763 transcriptional/translational activation activation As shown in Fig. 3e, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter region of NPR1 CHIP-seq doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00764 Reaction rx00764 transcriptional/translational activation activation In addition to EDS5 and NPR1, three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. The height of the peaks identified in the promoter regions of FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3 are 99, 138 and 199, respectively (Table 1). Binding of SARD1 to the promoters of these three genes was confirmed by ChIP-PCR experiments ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00765 Reaction rx00765 binding/oligomerisation activation ROP9 Interacts with SlRBOHB in Yeast and in Plants. Y2H, BiFC doi:10.1073/pnas.2309006120 rx00766 Reaction rx00766 transcriptional/translational activation activation In addition to EDS5 and NPR1, three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. The height of the peaks identified in the promoter regions of FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3 are 99, 138 and 199, respectively (Table 1). Binding of SARD1 to the promoters of these three genes was confirmed by ChIP-PCR experiments (Fig. 4a). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00767 Reaction rx00767 transcriptional/translational activation activation In addition to EDS5 and NPR1, three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. The height of the peaks identified in the promoter regions of FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3 are 99, 138 and 199, respectively (Table 1). Binding of SARD1 to the promoters of these three genes was confirmed by ChIP-PCR experiments (Fig. 4a). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00768 Reaction rx00768 transcriptional/translational activation activation Three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. Further ChIP-PCR analysis showed that CBP60g also binds to the promoters of these genes (Fig. 4b). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00769 Reaction rx00769 transcriptional/translational activation activation Three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. Further ChIP-PCR analysis showed that CBP60g also binds to the promoters of these genes (Fig. 4b). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00770 Reaction rx00770 transcriptional/translational activation activation Three other genes required for SAR, FMO1, ALD1 and PBS3, were identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 from the ChIP-seq data. Further ChIP-PCR analysis showed that CBP60g also binds to the promoters of these genes (Fig. 4b). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00771 Reaction rx00771 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments showed that SARD1 was targeted to the promoter regions of EDS1 and PAD4 ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00772 Reaction rx00772 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments showed that SARD1 was targeted to the promoter regions of EDS1 and PAD4 ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00773 Reaction rx00773 transcriptional/translational activation activation CBP60g is also targeted to the promoters of EDS1 and PAD4, but not NDR1 (Fig. 5b). These data suggest that induction of EDS1 and PAD4 following pathogen infection is directly regulated by SARD1 and CBP60g. ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00774 Reaction rx00774 transcriptional/translational activation activation CBP60g is also targeted to the promoters of EDS1 and PAD4, but not NDR1 (Fig. 5b). These data suggest that induction of EDS1 and PAD4 following pathogen infection is directly regulated by SARD1 and CBP60g. ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00775 Reaction rx00775 binding/oligomerisation activation Interaction of the AtFKBP42 TPR domain with the COOH-terminal region of AtHsp90.1 Isothermal titration calorimetry doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01420.x rx00776 Reaction rx00776 transcriptional/translational activation activation ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 encode three closely related CC-NB-LRR proteins required for immunity mediated by TIR-NB-LRR R proteins RPP2 and RPP4. They were also identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 by ChIP-seq (Table 1). ChIP-PCR analysis confirmed that SARD1 binds to the promoter regions of these three genes (Fig. 5d). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00777 Reaction rx00777 transcriptional/translational activation activation ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 encode three closely related CC-NB-LRR proteins required for immunity mediated by TIR-NB-LRR R proteins RPP2 and RPP4. They were also identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 by ChIP-seq (Table 1). ChIP-PCR analysis confirmed that SARD1 binds to the promoter regions of these three genes (Fig. 5d). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00778 Reaction rx00778 transcriptional/translational activation activation ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 encode three closely related CC-NB-LRR proteins required for immunity mediated by TIR-NB-LRR R proteins RPP2 and RPP4 (ref. 35). They were also identified as candidate target genes of SARD1 by ChIP-seq (Table 1). ChIP-PCR analysis confirmed that SARD1 binds to the promoter regions of these three genes (Fig. 5d). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00779 Reaction rx00779 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments showed that CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00780 Reaction rx00780 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments showed that CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00781 Reaction rx00781 transcriptional/translational activation activation ChIP-PCR experiments showed that CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of ADR1, ADR-L1 and ADR-L2 ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00782 Reaction rx00782 binding/oligomerisation activation Couldn't find a gene ID for CAM in the article, so I entered for CAM1 from TAIR. CaM binding of AtFKBP42 pulldown doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01420.x rx00783 Reaction rx00783 protein activation activation StMPK7 interacts with potato StMKK1 and is phosphorylated by this MAPKK yeast two‐hybrid analysis, coimmunoprecipitation assays (Co‐IP) and firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays doi:10.1111/mpp.13050 rx00784 Reaction rx00784 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI. Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR (Fig. 6a). ChIP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00785 Reaction rx00785 protein deactivation inhibition High temperatures promote condensation of ELF3, and the inhibition of ELF3-DNA binding. - doi:10.1111/pce.13979 rx00786 Reaction rx00786 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition At cooler temperatures, ELF3 (as part of the evening complex) represses the expression of PIF4. As temperatures rise, a PrLD in ELF3 promotes its phase separation and the formation of liquid droplets, thus relieving the transcriptional repression of PIF4 - doi:10.1111/pce.13979 rx00788 Reaction rx00788 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition Using RNA gel blot analysis, we have detected increased steady-state levels of the GA 20-oxidase mRNA and reduced levels of the GA 2-oxidase transcript in the PHOR1 antisense lines. RNA gel blot analysis doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00445-7 rx00789 Reaction rx00789 binding/oligomerisation activation in vivo protein interaction analyses by BiFC showed that CIPK1 engages in alternative complex formation with either CBL1 or CBL9 yeast complementation doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02921.x rx00790 Reaction rx00790 binding/oligomerisation activation in vivo protein interaction analyses by BiFC showed that CIPK1 engages in alternative complex formation with either CBL1 or CBL9 bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), yeast complementation doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02921.x rx00791 Reaction rx00791 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00792 Reaction rx00792 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00793 Reaction rx00793 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00794 Reaction rx00794 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00795 Reaction rx00795 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00796 Reaction rx00796 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00797 Reaction rx00797 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00798 Reaction rx00798 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00799 Reaction rx00799 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00800 Reaction rx00800 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00801 Reaction rx00801 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00802 Reaction rx00802 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00803 Reaction rx00803 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00804 Reaction rx00804 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00805 Reaction rx00805 transcriptional/translational activation activation Among the candidate target genes of SARD1 identified by ChIP-seq, eight genes including BAK1, BKK1, AGB1, BIK1, MEKK1, MKK4, MPK3 and CPK4 (Table 1) were previously shown to encode positive regulators of PTI . Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of these genes was further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. In addition, CBP60g is also targeted to the promoter regions of these genes ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00806 Reaction rx00806 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00807 Reaction rx00807 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00808 Reaction rx00808 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00809 Reaction rx00809 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00810 Reaction rx00810 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00811 Reaction rx00811 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00812 Reaction rx00812 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00813 Reaction rx00813 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00814 Reaction rx00814 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00815 Reaction rx00815 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00816 Reaction rx00816 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00817 Reaction rx00817 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00818 Reaction rx00818 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00819 Reaction rx00819 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00820 Reaction rx00820 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00821 Reaction rx00821 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00822 Reaction rx00822 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00823 Reaction rx00823 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00824 Reaction rx00824 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00825 Reaction rx00825 transcriptional/translational activation activation Binding of SARD1 to the promoter regions of PUB13, WRKY40, WRKY60, NUDT6, NUDT7, MLO2, BON1, BAP1 and BAP2 was confirmed by ChIP-PCR analysis. In addition, CBP60g was also found to target the promoter regions of these nine genes. ChiP-PCR doi:10.1038/ncomms10159 rx00826 Reaction rx00826 protein deactivation inhibition Warm temperatures facilitate the conversion of phyB from Pfr to the inactive Pr form, a process termed thermal reversion, which derepresses PIF4 and increases thermoresponsive genes expression transactivation assay + mutants doi:10.1126/science.aaf6005 rx00827 Reaction rx00827 binding/oligomerisation activation ROF1 binds heat shock proteins HSP90.1 yeast two-hybrid system doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03878.x rx00828 Reaction rx00828 binding/oligomerisation activation In these BiFC assays, both CBL1–CIPK23 and CBL9–CIPK23 complexes were localized to the plasma membrane, as indicated by the production of fluorescence upon protein–protein interaction bimolecular fluorescence complementation doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03236.x rx00829 Reaction rx00829 binding/oligomerisation activation In these BiFC assays, both CBL1–CIPK23 and CBL9–CIPK23 complexes were localized to the plasma membrane, as indicated by the production of fluorescence upon protein–protein interaction bimolecular fluorescence complementation doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03236.x rx00830 Reaction rx00830 binding/oligomerisation activation IDD14 physically interacts with ABF family proteins LUC complementation imaging (LCI), BiFC assay, Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay doi:10.1111/nph.18381 rx00831 Reaction rx00831 binding/oligomerisation activation IDD14 physically interacts with ABF family proteins LUC complementation imaging (LCI), BiFC assay, Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay doi:10.1111/nph.18381 rx00832 Reaction rx00832 binding/oligomerisation activation IDD14 physically interacts with ABF family proteins LUC complementation imaging (LCI), BiFC assay doi:10.1111/nph.18381 rx00833 Reaction rx00833 binding/oligomerisation activation IDD14 physically interacts with ABF family proteins LUC complementation imaging (LCI), BiFC assay doi:10.1111/nph.18381 rx00834 Reaction rx00834 protein activation activation AtERF72 was strongly phosphorylated by AtMPK6 In Vitro Kinase Assay doi:10.1111/plb.13196 rx00835 Reaction rx00835 binding/oligomerisation activation HSFA1s interact with PIF4 and stabilize PIF4 through interfering with the interaction between PIF4 and photoactivated phyB under warm daytime temperatures. Y2H, pull down doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh1738 rx00836 Reaction rx00836 protein activation activation / / kegg:map04712 rx00837 Reaction rx00837 protein activation activation / / kegg:map04712 rx00838 Reaction rx00838 binding/oligomerisation activation In this study, we showed that RGL2 specifically interacts with ABI4 but not with ABI3 and ABI5, to act as a transcription factor complex to mediate ABA/GA antagonism. RGL2 specifically interacts with ABI4, but not ABI3 and ABI5 Y2H, CoIP, BIFC doi:10.1111/nph.19533 rx00839 Reaction rx00839 protein deactivation inhibition / / kegg:map04712 rx00840 Reaction rx00840 protein deactivation inhibition / / kegg:map04712 rx00841 Reaction rx00841 protein activation activation / / kegg:map04712 rx00842 Reaction rx00842 transcriptional/translational activation activation ABI4 promotes RGL2 transcription by directly binding to its promoter Y1H, transactivation assay doi:10.1111/nph.19533 rx00843 Reaction rx00843 transcriptional/translational activation activation These results demonstrated that ABI4 and RGL2 additively activated the expression of ABI5 and RGL2. transactivation assay doi:10.1111/nph.19533 rx00844 Reaction rx00844 transcriptional/translational activation activation These results demonstrated that ABI4 and RGL2 additively activated the expression of ABI5 and RGL2. transactivation assay doi:10.1111/nph.19533 rx00845 Reaction rx00845 transcriptional/translational activation activation A previous study had demonstrated that the transcription factor ABI4 directly enhanced ABI5 expression (Bossi et al., 2009). transactivation assay, also done in DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03877.x doi:10.1111/nph.19533 rx00846 Reaction rx00846 binding/oligomerisation activation ABI5 and HY5 physically interacts in Planta CoIP, BIFC,mutants doi:10.1007/s11103-021-01187-z rx00847 Reaction rx00847 transcriptional/translational activation activation HY5 and ABI5 interacts together to bind ABI5 promoter CoIP, BIFC,mutants doi:10.1007/s11103-021-01187-z rx00848 Reaction rx00848 transcriptional/translational activation activation Promoter fragments of the NAC072, NAC019, and NAC055 genes contain ABRE motifs, and was bound either ABF3 or ABF4 according to yeast one-hybrid assays Y1H, qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00849 Reaction rx00849 transcriptional/translational activation activation Promoter fragments of the NAC072, NAC019, and NAC055 genes contain ABRE motifs, and was bound either ABF3 or ABF4 according to yeast one-hybrid assays Y1H, qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00850 Reaction rx00850 transcriptional/translational activation activation Promoter fragments of the NAC072, NAC019, and NAC055 genes contain ABRE motifs, and was bound either ABF3 or ABF4 according to yeast one-hybrid assays Y1H, qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00851 Reaction rx00851 protein activation activation MPK6 is activated by heat stress in-gel kinase activity, immuno complex kinase assay doi:/doi.org/10.7717/peerj.59 rx00852 Reaction rx00852 transcriptional/translational activation activation An example of these interactions is shown in Figure 1(a) and demonstrates the interaction of overlapping fragments of the ANAC055 promoter (ANAC055_F3 and ANAC055_F4) with these five MYB TFs. Members of a MYB TF family group, MYB2, MYB21, MYB108, MYB112 and MYB116, bound to the promoters of all three NAC genes Y1H, qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00853 Reaction rx00853 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition ABI4 directly interacts with the promoter elements to repress the expression of ACS4, ACS8, and ACO2 binding assay, mutants doi:10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.007 rx00854 Reaction rx00854 transcriptional/translational activation activation MYB2 was predicted to influence the expression of ANAC019 and ANAC055 Y1H doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00855 Reaction rx00855 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition ABI4 directly interacts with the promoter elements to repress the expression of ACS4, ACS8, and ACO2 binding assay, mutants doi:10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.007 rx00856 Reaction rx00856 protein activation activation MPK6 phosphorylates HsfA2 in gel kinase assay, CoIP doi:10.7717/peerj.59 rx00857 Reaction rx00857 transcriptional/translational activation activation Y1H assays identify TFs that interact with ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 promoters Y1H doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00858 Reaction rx00858 transcriptional/translational activation activation Y1H assays identify TFs that interact with ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 promoters Y1H doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00859 Reaction rx00859 transcriptional/translational activation activation Y1H assays identify TFs that interact with ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 promoters Y1H doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00860 Reaction rx00860 transcriptional/translational activation activation Y1H assays identify TFs that interact with ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 promoters Y1H doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00861 Reaction rx00861 binding/oligomerisation activation Both GSTCBL2 and GST-CBL3, but not the GST control, were able to bind Ca2+, confirming that CBL2 and CBL3 are indeed Ca2+-binding proteins that can function as calcium sensors 45Ca-overlay assay doi:10.1038/cr.2012.161 rx00862 Reaction rx00862 binding/oligomerisation activation Both GST-CBL2 and GST-CBL3, but not the GST control, were able to bind Ca2+, confirming that CBL2 and CBL3 are indeed Ca2+-binding proteins that can function as calcium sensors 45Ca-overlay assay doi:10.1038/cr.2012.161 rx00863 Reaction rx00863 transcriptional/translational activation activation CBF4 is predicted to regulate ANAC072 expression Y1H doi:10.1111/tpj.12194 rx00864 Reaction rx00864 protein deactivation inhibition SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6 directly interact and phosphorylate SPCH at distinct residues In vitro GST pull-down assay, In vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays, radioactive in vitro kinase assays doi:DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2063 rx00865 Reaction rx00865 protein deactivation inhibition SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6 directly interact and phosphorylate SPCH at distinct residues BiFC, In vitro GST pull-down assay, In vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays, radioactive in vitro kinase assays doi:DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2063 rx00866 Reaction rx00866 protein deactivation inhibition SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6 directly interact and phosphorylate SPCH at distinct residues BiFC, In vitro GST pull-down assay, In vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays, radioactive in vitro kinase assays doi:DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2063 rx00867 Reaction rx00867 transcriptional/translational activation activation StCDF1 directly represses expression of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR/NIA), which catalyses the first reduction step in nitrate assimilation, and is encoded by a single potato locus Transient transactivation assay, DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing doi:10.1111/nph.20186 rx00868 Reaction rx00868 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition StCDF1 directly represses expression of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR/NIA), which catalyses the first reduction step in nitrate assimilation, and is encoded by a single potato locus Transient transactivation assay, DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing doi:10.1111/nph.20186 rx00869 Reaction rx00869 translocation activation CAX1/3-mediated vacuolar sequestration as a major mechanism for [Ca2+]cyt homeostasis in response to fluctuating external Ca2+ levels mutants doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00870 Reaction rx00870 translocation activation CAX1/3-mediated vacuolar sequestration as a major mechanism for [Ca2+]cyt homeostasis in response to fluctuating external Ca2+ levels mutants doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00871 Reaction rx00871 transcriptional/translational repression inhibition StCDF1 binds to and represses the expression of a positive senescence regulator, StORE1S02 Transient transactivation assay, DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing doi:10.1111/nph.19525 rx00872 Reaction rx00872 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are new targets of JAZ repressors Y1H, CoIP doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00873 Reaction rx00873 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are new targets of JAZ repressors Y1H, CoIP doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00874 Reaction rx00874 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are new targets of JAZ repressors Y1H, CoIP doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00875 Reaction rx00875 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00876 Reaction rx00876 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00877 Reaction rx00877 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements transactivation assay, protein binding arrays doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00878 Reaction rx00878 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00879 Reaction rx00879 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements transactivation assay, protein binding arrays doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00880 Reaction rx00880 protein deactivation inhibition bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements transactivation assay, protein binding arrays doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086182 rx00881 Reaction rx00881 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00882 Reaction rx00882 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00883 Reaction rx00883 binding/oligomerisation activation Three phylogenetically related CIPKs (CIPK3, CIPK9 and CIPK26; hereafter CIPK3/9/26) drew particular attention because of their interaction with CBL2 and CBL3 (hereafter CBL2/3) in the tonoplast23,24, where the CAX transporters reside. CBL2/3, CIPK3/9/26 and CAX1/3 showed overlapping mRNA expression patterns in both roots and leaves.We also found that a functional CBL–CIPK module required both CIPK kinase activity and its interaction with CBL Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00884 Reaction rx00884 binding/oligomerisation activation Sterol-binding activity of PR-1 proteins is essential for antimicrobial activity for sterol auxotrophic pathogens such as phytophtora biochemical binding assays doi:10.1111/tpj.13398 rx00885 Reaction rx00885 protein activation activation Sterol-binding activity of PR-1 proteins is essential for antimicrobial activity for sterol auxotrophic pathogens such as phytophtora pathogen growth assays doi:10.1111/tpj.13398 rx00886 Reaction rx00886 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00887 Reaction rx00887 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00888 Reaction rx00888 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00889 Reaction rx00889 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00890 Reaction rx00890 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00891 Reaction rx00891 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00892 Reaction rx00892 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00893 Reaction rx00893 binding/oligomerisation activation A combination of Y2H- and BiFC-assays showed that CBL2/3 interact with and recruit CIPK3/9/23/26 to the tonoplast yeast two hybrid assay; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay doi:10.1073/pnas.1420944112 rx00894 Reaction rx00894 transcriptional/translational activation activation StbHLH93 activates the expression of TIC56 in the tuber of potato Yeast one hybrid doi:10.1111/nph.19426 rx00895 Reaction rx00895 transcriptional/translational activation activation PIF1 and HY5 interact with the promoters of the MEP pathway genes in vivo mutants, treatments, ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14071 rx00896 Reaction rx00896 transcriptional/translational activation activation PIF1 and HY5 interact with the promoters of the MEP pathway genes in vivo mutants, treatments, ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14071 rx00897 Reaction rx00897 transcriptional/translational activation activation PIF1 and HY5 interact with the promoters of the MEP pathway genes in vivo mutants, treatments, ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14071 rx00898 Reaction rx00898 binding/oligomerisation activation Interaction in the nucleus was observed between StTOC1 and StSP6A (Fig. 6A), StTOC1 and StPIF3 (Fig. 6E) and StTOC1 with itself (Fig. 6D). Co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies doi:10.1093/jxb/erz336 rx00899 Reaction rx00899 transcriptional/translational activation activation PIF1 and HY5 interact with the promoters of the MEP pathway genes in vivo mutants, treatments, ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14071 rx00901 Reaction rx00901 transcriptional/translational activation activation PIF1 and HY5 interact with the promoters of the MEP pathway genes in vivo mutants, treatments, ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14071 rx00902 Reaction rx00902 catalysis activation MeCLA was still detectable in the clamt mutants, suggesting that there might be another methyltransferase(s) that can catalyze CLA methylation, although the contribution of such an enzyme(s) should be much smaller than that of CLAMT Among 24 SABATH members in Arabidopsis, the gene product of At4g36470, which we named CLA methyltransferase (CLAMT), indeed efficiently catalyzed CLA methylation. Enzyme assay, Transient expression benthamiana, LC-MS/MS analysis of endogenous CL, CLA, and MeCLA and phenotyping in Arabidopsis (mutants) doi:10.1073/pnas.2111565119,doi:10.1007/s00425-021-03738-6 rx00904 Reaction rx00904 transcriptional/translational activation activation Nicotiana Benthamiana: CAMTA3 (GenBank ID: MN746383); BN2 (GenBank ID: MN746382) CAMTA3 activates Bifunctional nuclease-2 (BN2) transcription tranactivation assay doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.003 rx00905 Reaction rx00905 degradation/secretion inhibition Original experiment in Nicotiana benthamiana. BN2 stabilizes mRNAs encoding key components of RNAi machinery, notably AGONAUTE1/2 and DICER-LIKE1, by degrading their cognate microRNAs immunoblot, biochemistry assay doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.003 rx00906 Reaction rx00906 protein activation activation MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MPK4 and MEKK1 in vivo BiFC, mutants, kinase activity doi:10.1038/cr.2008.300 rx00907 Reaction rx00907 protein activation activation MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MPK4 and MEKK1 in vivo BiFC, mutants, kinase activity doi:10.1038/cr.2008.300 rx00908 Reaction rx00908 protein activation activation MKK1 and MKK2 interact with MPK4 and MEKK1 in vivo BiFC, mutants, kinase activity doi:10.1038/cr.2008.300 rx00909 Reaction rx00909 degradation/secretion inhibition No appreciable hydrolase activity of AtD14 was detected when CL and CLA were used as substrates, whereas MeCLA was hydrolyzed by AtD14 compared with results by atd14:S97A as well as GR24 MeCLA was hydrolyzed by AtD14 Hydrolase Activity Tests, LC-MS/MS doi:10.1073/pnas.1410801111 rx00910 Reaction rx00910 catalysis activation The dark reactions of photosynthesis (Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle), comprise of the use of NADPH and ATP to fix CO2 and produce carbohydrates. metacyc:photoall-pwy,metacyc:sucsyn-pwy,kegg:ath00195,kegg:ath00710 rx00911 Reaction rx00911 protein activation activation Metabolic pathways which underlie plant growth, such as starch and protein metabolism [...], are regulated by sugar signals that indicate the availability of carbon. doi:10.1111/ppl.13656 rx00912 Reaction rx00912 protein deactivation inhibition CO2 deficiency slows down photosynthesis. metacyc:photoall-pwy,kegg:ath00195 rx00913 Reaction rx00913 binding/oligomerisation activation 45Ca2+-overlay assays confirmed that SOS3 is capable of binding Ca2+ 45Ca2+-overlay assay doi:10.1073/pnas.040577697 rx00914 Reaction rx00914 binding/oligomerisation activation SOS2 interacts with SOS3 in vitro as well as in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Y2H, in vitro binding assays doi:10.1073/pnas.040577697 rx00915 Reaction rx00915 protein activation activation These data (in vitro kinase assays) demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00916 Reaction rx00916 protein activation activation These data (in vitro kinase assays) demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00917 Reaction rx00917 binding/oligomerisation activation GST pulldown results showing that PIF3mAD, like PIF3, interacts preferentially with active PHYA and PHYB GST pulldown doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25909-5 rx00918 Reaction rx00918 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00919 Reaction rx00919 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00920 Reaction rx00920 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00921 Reaction rx00921 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00922 Reaction rx00922 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00923 Reaction rx00923 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00924 Reaction rx00924 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00925 Reaction rx00925 protein activation activation As shown in Figure 4B, we observed a clear band corresponding to COI1 in the eluate from HOP3 immunoprecipitations (IP: anti-GFP), but not in the eluates lacking HOP3, demonstrating that HOP3 also interacts with COI1 in vivo. ...However, in the presence of MeJA, JAZ10 degradation was significantly reduced to 70% in the hop3-1 mutant compared to the wild-type background (Figure 5C), demonstrating that COI1 activity is reduced in the hop3-1 mutant and highlighting the role of HOP3 in COI1 regulation. Y2H, CoIP doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab334 rx00926 Reaction rx00926 protein activation activation We speculated that CBL–CIPK may directly phosphorylate and activate CAX1/3. We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00927 Reaction rx00927 protein activation activation We speculated that CBL–CIPK may directly phosphorylate and activate CAX1/3. We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00928 Reaction rx00928 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00929 Reaction rx00929 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00930 Reaction rx00930 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00931 Reaction rx00931 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00932 Reaction rx00932 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00933 Reaction rx00933 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00934 Reaction rx00934 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00935 Reaction rx00935 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00936 Reaction rx00936 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00937 Reaction rx00937 protein activation activation We further showed that CAX1/3 was phosphorylated by CIPK9, CIPK3 or CIPK26 in a CBL2/3-dependent manner Y2h, CoIP doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00938 Reaction rx00938 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays confirmed that BIK1 and PBL1, similarly to CIPK9, directly phosphorylated CAX1/3 CoIP, Y2H doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00939 Reaction rx00939 protein activation activation The in vitro kinase assays confirmed that BIK1 and PBL1, similarly to CIPK9, directly phosphorylated CAX1/3 CoIP, Y2H doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0 rx00940 Reaction rx00940 protein activation activation NRG1.1 is inactive in the absence of sensor NLR activation Ca influx measurements, cell death measurements doi:10.1126/science.abg7917,pmid:34140391 rx00941 Reaction rx00941 transcriptional/translational activation activation AtWRKY50 induced expression of PR1 is independent of NPR1 and TGAs, but it is enhanced if all are present. mutants, transcriptional activation, EMSA doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00930 rx00942 Reaction rx00942 binding/oligomerisation activation AtWRKY50 Interacts With TGA2 and TGA5 Y2H, BiFC doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00930 rx00943 Reaction rx00943 translocation activation NRG1.1-signaling domain structure resembles the pore-forming domain of the cation channel MLKL, oligomerizes in puncta on the PM, and is sufficient to drive cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx in plants and human cells. Our data are consistent with NRG1.1 acting as a nonselective, Ca2+-permeable cation channel. Ca influx measurements, cell death measurements doi:10.1126/science.abg7917,pmid:34140391 rx00944 Reaction rx00944 protein deactivation inhibition the DNA-binding activity of StbZIP61 was inhibited by StNPR3L in a dosage-dependent manner Y2H, BiFC, colocalisation, EMSA doi:10.1111/tpj.14010 rx00945 Reaction rx00945 transcriptional/translational activation activation StbZIP61 activates StICS1 transcription and SA levels EMSA, qPCR doi:10.1111/tpj.14010 rx00946 Reaction rx00946 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00949 Reaction rx00949 protein deactivation inhibition Taken together, these findings indicate that CPK5 and CPK11 predominantly phosphorylate MIZ1 at Ser14 and Ser36. in vitro phosphorylation assay doi:10.1093/plcell/koae279 rx00950 Reaction rx00950 protein deactivation inhibition Taken together, these findings indicate that CPK5 and CPK11 predominantly phosphorylate MIZ1 at Ser14 and Ser36. in vitro phosphorylation assay doi:10.1093/plcell/koae279 rx00951 Reaction rx00951 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00952 Reaction rx00952 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00953 Reaction rx00953 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00954 Reaction rx00954 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00955 Reaction rx00955 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00956 Reaction rx00956 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00957 Reaction rx00957 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00958 Reaction rx00958 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00959 Reaction rx00959 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that the CPK3/4/6/11/27 protein kinases directly interact with and phosphorylate the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. in vitro kinase assays doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.036 rx00960 Reaction rx00960 binding/oligomerisation activation Furthermore, pull-down assays confirmed the direct association between recombinant GST-14-3-3k and MBP-CPK12-His in vitro (Figure 7C), indicating that CPK12 physically interacts with 14-3-3k in vivo and in vitro. Y2H assay, in vivo co-IP assay, in vitro pull-down assay doi:10.1016/j.molp.2023.04.002 rx00961 Reaction rx00961 translocation activation Thus, our findings suggest that the binding of CPK12 to PA facilitates its nuclear import in Arabidopsis. fluorescence microscopy, mutant analysis, pull down assay, membrane-lipid binding assay, microscale thermophoresis analysis doi:10.1016/j.molp.2023.04.002 rx00962 Reaction rx00962 protein activation activation Besides the autophosphorylation of CPK12 in the presence of ATPgS and p-nitrobenzyl bromide (PNBM), we detected the phosphorylation of recombinant GST-RAP2.12, GST-RAP2.3, and GST-RAP2.2 in vitro by MBP-CPK12-His. in vitro kinase assay doi:10.1016/j.molp.2023.04.002 rx00963 Reaction rx00963 protein activation activation Besides the autophosphorylation of CPK12 in the presence of ATPgS and p-nitrobenzyl bromide (PNBM), we detected the phosphorylation of recombinant GST-RAP2.12, GST-RAP2.3, and GST-RAP2.2 in vitro by MBP-CPK12-His. in vitro kinase assay, BiFC, in vitro pull down assay doi:10.1016/j.molp.2023.04.002 rx00964 Reaction rx00964 protein activation activation Besides the autophosphorylation of CPK12 in the presence of ATPgS and p-nitrobenzyl bromide (PNBM), we detected the phosphorylation of recombinant GST-RAP2.12, GST-RAP2.3, and GST-RAP2.2 in vitro by MBP-CPK12-His. in vitro kinase assay, BiFC, in vitro pull down assay, in vivo co-IP doi:10.1016/j.molp.2023.04.002 rx00965 Reaction rx00965 protein activation activation Focusing on the stress-activated kinase CPK3, we visualized direct and specific interaction of TPK1 with the kinase at the tonoplast in vivo. in vitro kinase assay, BiFC, microscale thermophoresis doi:10.1093/mp/sss158 rx00966 Reaction rx00966 binding/oligomerisation activation We conducted similar yeast two-hybrid assays with two other AKT1- interacting CIPKs (CIPK6 and CIPK16) and found that, like CIPK23, both interacted with the ankyrin repeat domain of AKT1 yeast two hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00967 Reaction rx00967 binding/oligomerisation activation We conducted similar yeast two-hybrid assays with two other AKT1- interacting CIPKs (CIPK6 and CIPK16) and found that, like CIPK23, both interacted with the ankyrin repeat domain of AKT1 yeast two hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00968 Reaction rx00968 binding/oligomerisation activation We conducted similar yeast two-hybrid assays with two other AKT1- interacting CIPKs (CIPK6 and CIPK16) and found that, like CIPK23, both interacted with the ankyrin repeat domain of AKT1. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00969 Reaction rx00969 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00970 Reaction rx00970 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00971 Reaction rx00971 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00972 Reaction rx00972 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00973 Reaction rx00973 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00974 Reaction rx00974 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00975 Reaction rx00975 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00976 Reaction rx00976 binding/oligomerisation activation Yeast two hybrid assays showed that the three CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, CIPK23) interacted with the same members of the CBL family, including CBL1, CBL2, CBL3, and CBL9. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00977 Reaction rx00977 binding/oligomerisation activation Among the five PP2CA subfamily members tested (ABI1, ABI2, HAB1, HAB2, and a novel member, At1g07430) with Y2H assay, only the novel member (named AIP1 for AKT1-interacting PP2C 1) interacted with AKT1. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00978 Reaction rx00978 binding/oligomerisation activation The yeast two-hybrid results indicated that AIP1 (but not other PP2CAs) interacted with CIPK23. yeast two-hybrid assay doi:10.1073/pnas.0707912104 rx00979 Reaction rx00979 binding/oligomerisation activation These results indicate that CIPK8 can directly interact with CBL1, CBL5, and CBL10. yeast two-hybrid method, split-LUC technique doi:10.1093/jxb/erz549 rx00980 Reaction rx00980 binding/oligomerisation activation These results indicate that CIPK8 can directly interact with CBL1, CBL5, and CBL10. yeast two-hybrid method, split-LUC technique doi:10.1093/jxb/erz549 rx00981 Reaction rx00981 binding/oligomerisation activation These results indicate that CIPK8 can directly interact with CBL1, CBL5, and CBL10. yeast two-hybrid method, split-LUC technique doi:10.1093/jxb/erz549 rx00982 Reaction rx00982 protein activation activation Together, these results demonstrate that phosphorylation at S1138 by SOS2 is an essential step for the activation of SOS1 in response to salt stress. yeast two-hybrid assays, phosphorylation assays, mutational analysis doi:10.1073/pnas.1018921108 rx00983 Reaction rx00983 binding/oligomerisation activation Like SOS3, SCABP8 encodes a protein with EF hand domains that bind calcium in vitro, is capable of binding to SOS2, and activates SOS2 in a calciumdependent manner in vitro pull-down assay, split-YFP bimolecular fluorescence complementation in protoplasts, Sos recruitment system (SRS) assay in yeast, doi:10.1105/tpc.106.042291 rx00984 Reaction rx00984 protein activation activation SCABP8 Recruits SOS2 to the Plasma Membrane and Activates SOS1 in Yeast. yeast functional complementation assay doi:10.1105/tpc.106.042291 rx00985 Reaction rx00985 binding/oligomerisation activation SCABP8 was able to bind calcium, but SOS2 did not 45Ca2+-overlay assay doi:10.1105/tpc.106.042291 rx00986 Reaction rx00986 binding/oligomerisation activation we found that EDS1 could interact with the WT and cytoplasmic sim3 mutant in planta (Figure 6A) and in E. coli (Figure 6B), indicating that NPR1 recruits EDS1 into SINCs through a direct interaction. immunoprecipitation doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016 rx00987 Reaction rx00987 binding/oligomerisation activation NPR1- and sim3-dependent ubiquitination of WRKY70 by the NPR1-CUL3 E3 ubiquitin ligase reconstituted in E. coli. FLAG-WRKY70 was immunoprecipitated under dn conditions. immunoprecipitation doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016 rx00988 Reaction rx00988 binding/oligomerisation activation To test our hypothesis, NPR1 and CUL3 were co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by 1 mM SA treatment and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). We found that WT NPR1 had a weak pull-down signal of CUL3 in the SA-treated sample (Figure 4A). A similar interaction was also detected with the endogenous CUL3 in Arabidopsis (Figure 4B). Interestingly, when co-expressed in E. coli, an interaction between the two proteins could be easily observed (Figure 4C), suggesting that NPR1-CUL3 association might be inhibited in planta by PTMs that are absent in E. coli. immunoprecipitation doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016 rx00989 Reaction rx00989 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays showed that CPK6/ 12 directly phosphorylated the Pfr phyB N terminus (phyBN, 1– 610 amino acids) in the presence of Ca2+, and either the Pr conformer or the absence of Ca2+ greatly decreased the phosphorylation of phyBN, consisting with the light- and Ca2+-dependent CPK6/12-phyB interactions. in vitro kinase assays, MS analysis, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays, in vitro pull down assays doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.011 rx00990 Reaction rx00990 protein activation activation In vitro kinase assays showed that CPK6/ 12 directly phosphorylated the Pfr phyB N terminus (phyBN, 1– 610 amino acids) in the presence of Ca2+, and either the Pr conformer or the absence of Ca2+ greatly decreased the phosphorylation of phyBN, consisting with the light- and Ca2+-dependent CPK6/12-phyB interactions. in vitro kinase assays, MS analysis, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays, in vitro pull down assays doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.011 rx00991 Reaction rx00991 binding/oligomerisation activation EDS1 interacts with WRKY18 and affects its DNA binding activity Y2H, BiFC doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113985 rx00992 Reaction rx00992 transcriptional/translational activation activation ICS1 is directly regulated by EDS1-WRKY18 and required for full NJ01-mediated plant immunity ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113985 rx00993 Reaction rx00993 transcriptional/translational activation activation NCED3/NCED5 are directly regulated by EDS1-WRKY18 ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113985 rx00994 Reaction rx00994 transcriptional/translational activation activation NCED3/NCED5 are directly regulated by EDS1-WRKY18 ChIP-qPCR doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113985 rx00995 Reaction rx00995 binding/oligomerisation activation NRG1 associates with SAG101 in nuclei and at the PM/cytoplasm post Pf0-1 AvrRps4 delivery in Arabidopsis BiFC doi:10.1073/pnas.2210406120 rx00996 Reaction rx00996 catalysis activation Huang et al. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022- 28978-2) showed the conversion in petunia, the same enzyme was identified in Arabidopsis, almond (Prunus dulcis), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon). In vivo labeling in petunia flower petals showed a conversion of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol, thus providing the other precursor needed to produce benzyl benzoate. In vivo labeling doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf241,metacyc:benzyl-alc-dehydrogenase-rxn,kegg:r01763 rx00997 Reaction rx00997 catalysis activation We demonstrated that OSD2, a homologue of tobacco BEBT, catalyses the conversion of BA-CoA to BB in the peroxisome, a reaction that is essential for SA biosynthesis in rice. These results indicate that OSD2 functions as a BEBT that catalyses the formation of BB from BA-CoA and BAlc. CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing, in vitro biochemical enzyme assay, isotope-labelling tracer experiment doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9,metacyc:rxn-6724,kegg:r09528 rx00998 Reaction rx00998 translocation activation The exact molecular mechanism governing the translocation of BB from the peroxisome to the cytosol remains unknown. Authors speculate transfer as the following reactions take place in cytosol We speculate that, owing to its hydrophobic nature, BB may be more stable and more readily transportable across the peroxisome membrane than BA-CoA. unknown doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9 rx00999 Reaction rx00999 catalysis activation Related articles: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9 https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf241 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09185-7 The above results collectively resolved the search for the critical CYP hydroxylase in SA biosynthesis, demonstrating that benzylbenzoate, rather than BA, serves as the direct hydroxylation substrate for OsBBH in SA biosynthesis. CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing, in vitro biochemical enzyme assay, isotope-labelling tracer experiment doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9 rx01000 Reaction rx01000 catalysis activation Related articles: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9 https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf241 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09185-7 our data support the role of OsBSE in the final step of SA biosynthesis by catalysing the conversion of benzylsalicylate to SA CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing, in vitro biochemical enzyme assay, isotope-labelling tracer experiment doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9 rx01001 Reaction rx01001 protein activation activation MC4 cleaves BAG3 to release its N-terminal functional domain (BAG3-N) from autoinhibition Y2H, CoIP, BiFC for interaction, Western blot for cleavage doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64021-w rx01002 Reaction rx01002 protein activation activation Ca2+ binds zMC4 to induce autocatalytic cleavage [p20 accumulation is inhibited by EDTA and EGTA (fig. S1D)], and subsequently, active MC4 can cleave substrates, such as PROPEP1 following MC4 cleavage with western blot after addition of Ca chelators EGTA and EDTA doi:10.1126/science.aar7486 rx01003 Reaction rx01003 protein activation activation At increased rMC4 concentrations extended cleavage occurs at a downstream site, potentially the lysine (K)–rich region between R69 and the conserved Pep motif SSG-(R/K)x1-G-x2-N, In vitro TNT-protease assay of PROPEP1 (PP1) and mutant versions incubated with increasing amounts of recombinant MC4 (rMC4) or its inactive mutant rMC4C/A (active-site cysteine mutated to alanine) doi:10.1126/science.aar7486 rx01004 Reaction rx01004 protein deactivation inhibition EDR1 phosphorylated MYC2 at T353/T357 in vitro these results indicate that EDR1 phosphorylates MYC2 to reduce its binding capacity to the RD22 promoter MYC2 phosphorylation was lower in edr1 than in Col-0 Yeast-2-Hybrid, in vitro kinase assay, BiFC, in planta mutant plants doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 rx01005 Reaction rx01005 protein activation activation Activated after infection with powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum MPK15 promotes the assembly of the PP2A complex by phosphorylating PP2A Bɑ in vitro mutation kinase assay, Co-IP doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 rx01006 Reaction rx01006 protein activation activation The strongest MYC2 dephosphorylation was observed in the presence of both PP2A Bɑ and MPK15(S511D). PP2A Bɑ can dephosphorylate MYC2 transgenic plant lines, in vitro doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 LHB1B1|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic LHB1B1[AT2G34430],VPg VPg ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic viral protein genome-linked doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus LHB1B1[AT2G34430] PlantCoding LHB1B1 fc00367 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex II subunit B1 AT2G34430 PSB33|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic PSB33[AT1G71500],VPg PSB33[AT1G71500] PlantCoding PSB33 fc00364 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Rieske (2Fe-2S) domain-containing protein AT1G71500 CRT|HC-Pro Complex Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium HC-Pro ForeignCoding papain-like cysteine protease with suppressor activity (multifunctional) Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Helper Component PROteinase doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus CRT[AT1G08450,AT1G09210,AT1G56340] PlantCoding CRT fc00048 Non-receptor component required for EFR-mediated immunity. Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium calreticulin 1,2,3 gmm:30.3 CRT AT1G08450,AT1G09210,AT1G56340 OSCA1[AT4G04340] PlantCoding OSCA1 fc00389 Stress - Drought Stress - Drought AT4G04340 Drought ForeignAbiotic Stress - Drought Stress - Drought AREB/ABF[AT1G45249,AT1G49720,AT3G19290,AT4G34000] PlantCoding AREB/ABF fc00397 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) AT1G45249,AT3G19290,AT1G49720,AT4G34000 SNRK2[AT1G10940,AT1G78290,AT4G33950,SOTUB02G032470.1.1] PlantCoding SNRK2 fc00318 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Protein kinase superfamily protein, SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.8 gmm:29.4.1 AT1G10940,AT1G78290,AT4G33950 SOTUB02G032470.1.1 ARR-A[AT1G10470,AT1G19050,AT1G59940,AT1G74890,AT2G40670,AT2G41310,AT3G48100,AT3G56380,AT3G57040,AT5G62920] PlantCoding ARR-A fc00029 type-A negative response regulator Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) type-A Arabidopsis Response Regulators gmm:27.3.5 ARR AT3G56380,AT3G48100,AT1G19050,AT1G74890,AT3G57040,AT5G62920,AT1G10470,AT2G41310,AT2G40670,AT1G59940 EDF2|HC-Pro Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) EDF2[AT1G68840] PlantCoding EDF2 fc00059 Rav2 is part of a complex that has been named 'regulator of the (H+)-ATPase of the vacuolar and endosomal membranes' (RAVE) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) related to ABI3/VP1 2 kegg:k09287,gmm:27.3.3 ERF/EDF AT1G68840 CML|HC-Pro Complex Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium CML[AT1G66410,AT3G01830,AT4G20780,SOTUB02G034770.1.1] PlantCoding CML fc00224 Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein. Includes putative, calmodulin and calmodulin like. Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium calmodulin related gmm:30.3 CAM AT1G66410,AT3G01830,AT4G20780 SOTUB02G034770.1.1 CA-CoA Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Cinnamoyl-CoA chebi:15463,pubchem:195898,metacyc:cinnamoyl-coa,c00540,c00540 CA Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Cinnamate chebi:23252,metacyc:CPD-674 BZO1[AT1G65880] PlantCoding BZO1 fc00323 Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids benzoyloxyglucosinolate 1 AT1G65880 EDS1|PAD4 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) PAD4[AT3G52430] PlantCoding PAD4 fc00123 Encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling and function in resistance (R) gene-mediated and basal plant disease resistance. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) phytoalexin deficient, InterPro Lipase, class 3 gmm:20.1.7.1,mm:26.9.2.4.2 PAD4 AT3G52430 EDS1[AT3G48090] PlantCoding EDS1 fc00060 Component of R gene-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana with homology to eukaryotic lipases. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) enhanced disease susceptibility, alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein gmm:20.1.7.1 EDS1 AT3G48090 EDS1|MPK3|PAD4 Complex Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) MPK3,6[AT2G43790,AT3G45640] PlantCoding MPK3,6 fc00308 Encodes a MAP kinase induced by pathogens, ethylene biosynthesis, oxidative stress and osmotic stress. Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 3,6 gmm:29.4,gmm:30.6 MAPK AT2G43790,AT3G45640 SERPIN1|VPg Complex Signalling - Cell death Signalling - Cell death,Stress - Biotic SERPIN1[AT1G47710],VPg SERPIN1[AT1G47710] PlantCoding SERPIN1 fc00362 Signalling - Cell death Signalling - Cell death Serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) family protein AT1G47710 CLPP1|VPg Complex clpP1[ATCG00670],VPg clpP1[ATCG00670] PlantCoding clpP1 fc00363 plastid-encoded CLP P ATCG00670 FQR1|VPg Complex Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX),Stress - Biotic FQR1[AT5G54500],VPg FQR1[AT5G54500] PlantCoding FQR1 fc00366 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX),Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 AT5G54500 PR-3|VPg Complex [ORF]F18O19.30[AT2G43590],VPg PR-3 like[AT2G43590] PlantCoding PR-3 like fc00361 Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Chitinase family protein AT2G43590 HC-Pro|TDX Complex Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) TDX[AT3G17880] PlantCoding TDX fc00153 Tetraticopeptide domain-containing thioredoxin; Encodes a thioredoxin-like disulfide reductase. The protein interacts with the yeast Hsp70 protein Ssb2 in vitro. This interaction is sensitive to the redox status of the thioredoxin domain of AtTDX. Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) tetracopeptide domain-containing thioredoxin gmm:21.1 TDX AT3G17880 P3|RBC Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis P3 ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic cell-to-cell movement doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus RBC[AT1G67090,AT5G38430,ATCG00490] PlantCoding RBC fc00314 Encodes a member of the Rubisco small subunit (RBCS) multigene family: RBCS1A (AT1G67090), RBCS1B (AT5G38430), RBCS2B (AT5G38420), and RBCS3B (AT5G38410). Large subunit of RUBISCO (ATCG00490) protein is tyrosine-phosphorylated and its phosphorylation state is modulated in response to ABA in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. When phosphorylated it is modulated in response to ABA. Functions to yield sufficient Rubisco content for leaf photosynthetic capacity. RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions- the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gmm:1.3 RBCL AT1G67090,AT5G38430,ATCG00490 NAC055[AT3G15500] PlantCoding NAC055 fc00111 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation ATAF-like NAC-domain transcription factor gmm:27.3.27,tair:locus:2090176 NAC AT3G15500 OBE1|VPg Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes OBE1[AT3G07780] PlantCoding OBE1 fc00116 Together with OBE2, required for the maintenance and/or establishment of both the shoot and root meristems, probably by controlling the expression of the meristem genes such as WUS, PLT1 and PLT2 and of genes required for auxin responses. Promotes cell meristematic activity via the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA pathway. Involved in the development of the basal pole and in auxin-mediated root and vascular development in the embryo. Confers sensitivity to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) probably by promoting viral movement and multiplication via interaction with TuMV VPg. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes oberon 1 gmm:31.1 OBE AT3G07780 RH8|VPg Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing RH8[AT4G00660] PlantCoding RH8 fc00140 Putative; involved in viral reproduction, viral-host interaction; ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA turnover, and more specifically in mRNA decapping. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing RNAhelicase-like 8 (DEAD/DEAH box helicase) gmm:28.1 RH AT4G00660 RPS12C|VPg Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Stress - Biotic RPS12C[AT2G32060],VPg RPS12C[AT2G32060] PlantCoding RPS12C fc00369 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation Ribosomal protein L7Ae/L30e/S12e/Gadd45 family protein AT2G32060 MTI20.11|VPg Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination,Stress - Biotic MTI20.11[AT5G57860],VPg MTI20.11[AT5G57860] PlantCoding MTI20.11 fc00370 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination Ubiquitin-like superfamily protein AT5G57860 CRT|Ca2+ Complex Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium Ca2+ Metabolite Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium Calcium chebi:22984 SAMS[AT1G02500,AT2G36880,AT3G17390,AT4G01850] PlantCoding SAMS fc00146 Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase gmm:13.1.3.4.11,ec:2.5.1.6 SAM AT1G02500,AT2G36880,AT3G17390,AT4G01850 SAHH[AT3G23810] PlantCoding SAHH fc00144 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase 2 gmm:13.2.3.4 SAHH AT3G23810 HSP90|RAR1|SGT1 Complex Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) RAR1[AT5G51700] PlantCoding RAR1 fc00135 Required for R protein accumulation. Functions as positive regulator of RPS5 accumulation by assisting its stabilization. May function as co-chaperone of HSP90-2 to positively regulate the steady-state accumulation of RPM1 and protect it from SGT1- mediated degradation. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes resistance signalling protein, cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein gmm:20.1.7 RAR1 AT5G51700 HSP90[AT2G04030,AT3G07770,AT4G24190,AT5G52640,AT5G56000,AT5G56010,AT5G56030] PlantCoding HSP90 fc00083 Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) heat shock protein 90 gmm:20.2.1,metacyc:eg10461,kegg:k09487 HSP AT5G56010,AT5G52640,AT4G24190,AT3G07770,AT5G56000,AT2G04030,AT5G56030 SGT1[AT4G11260,AT4G23570] PlantCoding SGT1 fc00149 two functionally redundant proteins in resistance to pathogens; SGT1/RAR1/HSP90/R protein complex mediates downstream MAP kinase activation and changes in defense gene expression and hormone levels; Functions in plant disease resistance signaling, SCF(TIR1) mediated degradation of Aux/IAA proteins and HSP90 mediated degradation of R resistance proteins Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes SGT1 protein binding; suppressor of the g2 allelle of SKP1 gmm:29.4,pubchem:160729492,kegg:k12795 SGT1 AT4G11260,AT4G23570 PR5|VPg Complex PR5[AT1G75040],VPg PR5[AT1G75040] PlantCoding PR5 fc00132 Thaumatin-like protein involved in response to pathogens. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) pathogenesis-related protein 5; thaumatin-like protein gmm:20.1.7.5 PR5 AT1G75040 AGO1,5,7,10|HC-Pro Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing AGO1[AT1G48410] PlantCoding AGO1 fc00017 Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing argonaute, stabilizer of iron transporter SufD / Polynucleotidyl transferase gmm:27.3.36 AGO AT1G48410 EDS1|PAD4|SAG Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) SAGs[AT5G14930,AT5G45890] PlantCoding SAGs fc00317 acyl hydrolase involved in senescence; EDS1/PAD4/SAG101 complex regulates HRT-mediated resistance against TCV. Cysteine protease, CK/AUX and sugar influenced. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Senescence Associated Genes gmm:33.99,gmm:29.5.3 SAG101 AT5G14930,AT5G45890 AGO1,5,7,10|CI Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing CI ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic RNA helicase with ATPase activity doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus CP|CPIP Complex Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) CPIP[AT1G10350,AT3G08910] PlantCoding CPIP fc00300 Putative in Arabidopsis. Capsid protein interacting proteins (CPIP) in Nicotiana tabacum (closest match to ntaCPIP1, ntaCPIP2a, ntaCPIP2b). Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) DNAJ heat shock family protein gmm:20.2.1 HSP AT1G10350,AT3G08910 nta.4050 CP ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic capsid/coat protein doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus ATG13A[AT3G49590] PlantCoding ATG13A fc00330 Degradation - Autophagy Degradation - Autophagy Protein kinase superfamily protein pmid:21984698,doi:10.1105/tpc.111.090993 AT3G49590 TORC1 Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis doi:10.1242/dev.160887,doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa603 TOR[AT1G50030],RAPTOR2[AT5G01770] DXPS2|HC-Pro Complex Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids DXPS2[AT4G15560] PlantCoding DXPS2 fc00057 Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase ec:2.2.1.7,kegg:ec00900,gmm:16.1.1.1 DXPS AT4G15560 ATPB|HC-Pro Complex Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids ATPB[ATCG00480] PlantCoding ATPB fc00032 chloroplastic Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids ATP synthase subunit beta gmm:1.1.4.2,gmm:9.9 ATPB ATCG00480 NDR1|RIN4 Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes NDR1[AT3G20600] PlantCoding NDR1 fc00113 Downstream of CC-NBS-LRR-mediated resistance; Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family. Mediates SAR; resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Involved in disease resistance. Required for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent P.syringae or H.parasitica (downy mildew). Required for the establishment of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) after infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae DC3000 carrying avrRpt2. Required for resistance to the soilborne fungus V.longisporum. Interaction with RIN4 is required for the activation of the R gene RPS2 and RPS2-mediated resistance. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes non race-specific disease resistance 1 gmm:20.1.2 NDR AT3G20600 RIN4[AT3G25070] PlantCoding RIN4 fc00141 Member of the R protein complex. Essential regulator of plant defense, which plays a central role in resistance in case of infection by a pathogen. It is a common target for both type III avirulence proteins from P.syringae (AvrB, AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2) and for the plant Resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and RPS2. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes RPM1 interacting protein 4 gmm:20.1 RIN4 AT3G25070 HC-Pro|MIND1 Complex Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids MIND1[AT5G24020] PlantCoding MIND1 fc00103 chloroplastic; septum site-determining protein (MIND) Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids division-related factor MinD gmm:31.2.5 MIND1 AT5G24020 HC-Pro|PAA2 Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination PAA2[AT2G05840] PlantCoding PAA2 fc00122 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination 20S proteasome alpha subunit A gmm:29.5.11.20,nuccore:af043519,omid:9611183,doi:10.1093/genetics/149.2.677 PAA AT2G05840 HC-Pro|PBB2 Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination PBB2[AT5G40580] PlantCoding PBB2 fc00125 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination 20S proteasome beta subunit B gmm:29.5.11.20,nuccore:af043531 PBB AT5G40580 NPR1|TGA Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) NPR1[AT1G64280] PlantCoding NPR1 fc00115 This gene is a key regulator of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) nonexpresser of PR genes gmm:27.3.61 NPR AT1G64280 TGA[AT1G08320,AT3G12250,AT5G06950,AT5G06960] PlantCoding TGA fc00154 TGA6 encodes a basic leucine zipper transcription factor involved in the activation of SA-responsive genes. TGA2 interacts with NPR1 and may regulate PR gene expression. TGA5encodes a basic leucine zipper (B-ZIP) containing protein that interacts with NPR1 to promote expression of salicylic acid induced genes. Binds the ocs-element. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TGACG sequence-specific binding protein gmm:27.3.35 TGA AT3G12250,AT5G06960,AT5G06950,AT1G08320 NPR1 high & JAZ low Condition High NPR1 activity, low JAZ activity doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00170,pmid:25859252 f(NPR1, JAZ)=(|NPR1|>t) * (|JAZ|t) * (|JAZ|>t) D14[AT3G03990] PlantCoding D14 fc00054 D14; Strigolactone esterase D14; α/β hydrolase DWARF14. D14 is the SL receptor Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein gmm:26.3.5 α/β hydroxylase AT3G03990 MeCLA Metabolite Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Methyl carlactonoate chebi:194506,pubchem:163488489 RANGAP|Rx Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Rx[unknown] PlantAbstract Rx fc00196 Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes R-gene RANGAP[AT3G63130] PlantCoding RANGAP fc00134 GTPase activator for the nuclear Ras-related regulatory protein Ran, converting it to the putatively inactive GDP-bound state. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes RAN GTPase activating protein doi:10.1105/tpc.113.111658,gmm:30.5 RANGAP AT3G63130 GPAphid2|RANGAP Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes GPAphid2[unknown] PlantAbstract GPAphid2 fc00002 Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes GREEN PEACH APHID2 R-gene SOC1[AT2G45660] PlantCoding SOC1 fc00396 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) AT2G45660 HC-Pro|PBE1 Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination PBE1[AT1G13060] PlantCoding PBE1 fc00126 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination 20S proteasome beta subunit E gmm:29.5.11.20,nuccore:af043536 PBE AT1G13060 OBE1|WRKY17 Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Signalling - Perception and resistance genes WRKY17[AT2G24570] PlantCoding WRKY17 fc00163 Calmodulin binding. Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 17 gmm:27.3.32 WRKY AT2G24570 OBE1|WRKY11 Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Signalling - Perception and resistance genes WRKY11[AT4G31550] PlantCoding WRKY11 fc00162 Calmodulin binding. Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 11 gmm:27.3.32 WRKY AT4G31550 CO|OBE1 Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis CO[AT5G15840,SOTUB02G033400.1.1] PlantCoding CO fc00285 constans transcription factor. Encodes a protein showing similarities to zinc finger transcription factors, involved in regulation of flowering under long days. Acts upstream of FT and SOC1.; Plays a role in the regulation of flowering time by acting on 'SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1', 'TERMINAL FLOWER 1' and 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. Also regulates P5CS2 and ACS10 (involved in proline and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively). Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis B-box type zinc finger protein with CCT domain-containing protein gmm:27.3.7 CO AT5G15840 SOTUB02G033400.1.1 COI1|RBC Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis COI1[AT2G39940] PlantCoding COI1 fc00047 RNI-like superfamily protein. Assembles SCF COI1 ubiquitin-ligase complexes in planta. A single amino acid substitution in the F-box motif of COI1 abolishes the formation of the SCF(COI1) complexes and results in loss of the JA response. Required for wound- and jasmonates-induced transcriptional regulation. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Coronatine insensitive 1 gmm:29.5.11.4.3.2 COI1 AT2G39940 JAZ|RBC Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis JAZ[AT1G17380,AT1G19180,AT1G30135,AT1G48500,AT1G70700,AT1G72450,AT1G74950,AT2G34600,AT3G17860,AT3G43440,AT5G13220,AT5G20900] PlantCoding JAZ fc00088 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) jasmonate-zim-domain protein gmm:17.7.2,doi:10.1105/tpc.111.089300 JAZ AT1G17380,AT1G19180,AT1G30135,AT1G48500,AT1G70700,AT1G72450,AT1G74950,AT2G34600,AT3G17860,AT3G43440,AT5G13220,AT5G20900 GAPC2|VPg Complex GAPC2[AT1G13440],VPg GAPC2[AT1G13440] PlantCoding GAPC2 fc00365 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 AT1G13440 AT3G17020|VPg Complex AT3G17020[AT3G17020],VPg AT3G17020[AT3G17020] PlantCoding AT3G17020 fc00371 Adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like superfamily protein AT3G17020 HEN1[AT4G20910] PlantCoding HEN1 fc00333 HEN1 is a methyltransferase that methylates miRNAs and siRNAs on the ribose of the last nucleotide. The 3'-end methylation probably protects the 3' ends of the small RNAs from uridylation. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing HUA ENHANCER 1 gmm:27.1.21,doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00293-8 AT4G20910 DELLA[AT1G14920,AT1G66350,AT2G01570,AT3G03450,AT5G17490] PlantCoding DELLA fc00056 GA signalling cascade is composed of GA receptors (GIDa/b/c), DELLA repressor proteins and F-box proteins which control the stability of DELLA. Structurally, DELLA belong to the GRAS family of transcriptional regulators, with the DELLA motif (not present in other GRAS family members). Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA; The protein undergoes degradation in response to GA via the 26S proteasome. GAI may be involved in reducing ROS accumulation in response to stress by up-regulating the transcription of superoxide dismutases. RGL1 may be involved in reducing ROS accumulation in response to stress by up-regulating the transcription of superoxide dismutases. Rapidly degraded in response to GA. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) GRAS transcription factor family protein gmm:27.3.21 DELLA AT1G14920,AT3G03450,AT5G17490,AT1G66350,AT2G01570 PUB15[AT5G42340] PlantCoding PUB15 fc00343 Plant U-Box 15 AT5G42340 N-pyruvoyl-L-Glu Metabolite Byproduct of SA biosynthesis Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) N-pyruvoyl-L-glutamate metacyc:cpd-24913,chebi:195520 SA Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Salicylic acid chebi:16914,chebi:30762 IsoChor-9-Glu Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Isochorismoyl-L-glutamate metacyc:cpd-24912,chebi:195519 EPS1[AT5G67160] PlantCoding EPS1 fc00138 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) HXXXD-type acyl-transferase family protein gmm:16.2 AT5G67160 GST[AT1G02920,AT1G02930,AT1G17170,AT2G02930,AT2G47730,AT4G02520] PlantCoding GST fc00081 Detoxification. Actually implicated in early response (glutathione S-transferase). Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) glutathione S-transferase pmid:20198573,pmid:12897257,pmid:14576289,pmid:8090746,gmm:26.9 GST AT1G02920,AT1G02930,AT1G17170,AT2G02930,AT2G47730,AT4G02520 BAK1|FLS2|flg22 Complex Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) flg22 ForeignCoding Flagellin is the structural protein that forms the major portion of flagellar filaments; this is the 22 amino acids flagellin peptide known as flg22 (spans 22 amino acids in the core of the conserved domain). Flagellins from different bacterial species vary in their central part but show conservation of their N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic flagellin fragment bacteria BAK1[AT4G33430] PlantCoding BAK1 fc00033 Brassinosteroids Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) BRI1-associated receptor kinase; somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 3 gmm:20.1.2,gmm:30.2.2 LRR-BAK1 AT4G33430 FLS2[AT5G46330] PlantCoding FLS2 fc00076 Encodes a leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine protein kinase that is expressed ubiquitously. FLS2 is involved in MAP kinase signalling relay involved in innate immunity. Essential in the perception of flagellin, a potent elicitor of the defense response. FLS2 is directed for degradation by the bacterial ubiquitin ligase AvrPtoB. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein; PRR protein flagellin sensing 2 gmm:30.2.12,tair:locus:2170483 LRR-FLS2 AT5G46330 MKS1|WRKY33 Complex Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) WRKY33[AT2G38470] PlantCoding WRKY33 fc00166 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 33 gmm:27.3.32 WRKY AT2G38470 MKS1[AT3G18690] PlantCoding MKS1 fc00104 Encodes a nuclear-localized member of a plant specific gene family involved in mediating responses to pathogens. Interacts with WRKY transcriptional regulators. Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase substrate 1 gmm:20.1.3 MKS1 AT3G18690 CI|PSAK Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis PSAK[AT1G30380] PlantCoding PSAK fc00133 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis photosystem I subunit K gmm:1.1.2.2 PSAK AT1G30380 GA|GID1 Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) GA Metabolite active forms (gibberellin A1, gibberellin A3, gibberellin A4) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Gibberellins chebi:28833,chebi:27717,chebi:32902 GID[AT3G05120,AT3G63010,AT4G24210,AT5G27320,LOC_OS02G36974,LOC_OS05G33730] PlantCoding GID fc00305 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin (GA) receptor gmm:17.6.2 GID AT3G05120,AT3G63010,AT4G24210,AT5G27320 LOC_OS02G36974,LOC_OS05G33730 GA|GID1|SLR1 Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) SLR1[LOC_OS06G03710] PlantCoding SLR1 fc00150 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) transcriptional repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway gmm:15.5.12,plaza:os06t0127800 DELLA LOC_OS06G03710 DELLA|GA|GID1 Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ESP|WRKY53 Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Signalling - Perception and resistance genes ESP[AT1G54040] PlantCoding ESP fc00073 Antagonistically interacts with WRKY53. Involved in pathogen resistance and leaf senescence. Modulated by JA and SA equilibrium. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes enzyme regulator (epithiospecifier protein) gmm:16.5.1.3.2 ESP/NSP AT1G54040 WRKY53[AT4G23810] PlantCoding WRKY53 fc00169 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 53 gmm:27.3.32,doi:10.1105/tpc.106.042705 WRKY AT4G23810 WRKY30|WRKY53 Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY30[AT5G24110] PlantCoding WRKY30 fc00165 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 30 gmm:27.3.32 WRKY AT5G24110 JAZ|WRKY57 Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) WRKY57[AT1G69310] PlantCoding WRKY57 fc00170 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY family transcription factor 57 gmm:27.3.32 WRKY AT1G69310 AUX/IAA|WRKY57 Complex Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) AUX/IAA[AT1G04100,AT1G04240,AT1G04250,AT1G04550,AT1G15050,AT1G15580,AT1G51950,AT1G52830,AT1G80390,AT2G01200,AT2G22670,AT2G33310,AT2G46990,AT3G04730,AT3G15540,AT3G16500,AT3G17600,AT3G23030,AT3G23050,AT3G62100,AT4G14550,AT4G14560,AT4G28640,AT4G29080,AT4G32280,AT5G25890,AT5G43700,AT5G57420,AT5G65670] PlantCoding AUX/IAA fc00136 JA-induced leaf senescence; auxin-responsive protein IAA29; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin-responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) indole-3-acetic acid inducible gmm:17.2.3,gmm:27.3.40 IAA29 AT1G04100,AT1G04240,AT1G04250,AT1G04550,AT1G15050,AT1G15580,AT1G51950,AT1G52830,AT1G80390,AT2G01200,AT2G22670,AT2G33310,AT2G46990,AT3G04730,AT3G15540,AT3G16500,AT3G17600,AT3G23030,AT3G23050,AT3G62100,AT4G14550,AT4G14560,AT4G28640,AT4G29080,AT4G32280,AT5G25890,AT5G43700,AT5G57420,AT5G65670 SCL14|TGA Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) SCL14[AT1G07530] PlantCoding SCL14 fc00147 GRAS family transcription factor. The protein interacts with the TGA2 transcription factor and affects the transcription of stress-responsive genes. Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation scarecrow-like 14; GRAS family transcription factor gmm:27.3.21 GRAS AT1G07530 DELLA|JAZ Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA),Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) DELLA|MYC Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA),Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) MYC2[AT1G32640] PlantCoding MYC2 fc00108 MYC2, MYC3, MYC4 are JAZ-interacting transcription factors (with a typical DNA binding domain of a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif) that act together to control jasmonate-related defense responses. MYC2 binds to an extended G-Box promoter motif and interacts with Jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as 'master switches' that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein gmm:27.3.6 MYC AT1G32640 GID|SCF Complex Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) SCF Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination SCF go:0019005 CAT|LSD1 Complex Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Cell death,Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) LSD1[AT4G20380] PlantCoding LSD1 fc00097 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation LSD1 zinc finger family protein gmm:27.3.99 LSD1 AT4G20380 CAT[AT1G20620,AT1G20630,AT4G35090,SOTUB12G027890.1.1] PlantCoding CAT fc00191 Catalase, catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. Catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide using heme group as cofactor. Loss of function mutations have increased H2O2 levels and increased H2O2 sensitivity. Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalase gmm:21.6,doi:10.1093/jxb/erq282 CAT AT1G20620,AT1G20630,AT4G35090 SOTUB12G027890.1.1 ACX[AT1G06290,AT2G35690,AT4G16760,AT5G65110,SOTUB10G008540.1.1] PlantCoding ACX fc00184 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) acyl-CoA oxidase ec:1.3.3.6,kegg:k00232,gmm:11.9.4.2,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 ACX AT1G06290,AT2G35690,AT4G16760,AT5G65110 SOTUB10G008540.1.1 D14|MAX2|SCF Complex Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) MAX2[AT2G42620] PlantCoding MAX2 fc00100 MAX2 binds to the activated D14 to induce SL-mediated ubiquitination (signalling). Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF complex F-box subunit; more axillary branches 2 gmm:29.5.11.4.3.2 F-box/LRR-repeat AT2G42620 tRNA-adenine Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Adenosine in tRNA chebi:17843,kegg:C17324,metacyc:tRNA-Adenosines-37 IPT2,9[AT2G27760,AT5G20040] PlantCoding IPT2,9 fc00358 Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) tRNA isopentenyltransferases gmm:17.4.1,ec:2.5.1.75,doi:10.1073/pnas.0603522103 IPT AT2G27760,AT5G20040 DMAPP Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) dimethylallyl diphosphate chebi:16057,kegg:C00235,metacyc:CPD-4211 prenyl-tRNA Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) tRNA containing 6-isopentenyladenosine kegg:c04432 ADK[AT3G09820,AT5G03300] PlantCoding ADK fc00015 Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) adenosine kinase 1,2 ec:2.7.1.20,gmm:23.3.2.1 ADK AT5G03300,AT3G09820 cZ-ribotide Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) cis-zeatin riboside monophosphate chebi:80493 cZ-riboside Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) cis-zeatin riboside chebi:20833 UGT[AT1G22400,AT2G36750,AT2G36800,AT5G05860,AT5G05870] PlantCoding UGT fc00157 UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 recognized all cytokinins and glucosylated the hormones at the N7 and N9 positions. UGT85A1, UGT73C5, and UGT73C1 recognized trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin, which have an available hydroxyl group for glucosylation and formed the O-glucosides. Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) trans-Zeatin glycosyltransferases doi:/10.1074/jbc.M409569200,gmm:26.2,ec:2.4.1.118,ec:2.4.1.203 UGT AT2G36750,AT2G36800,AT1G22400,AT5G05860,AT5G05870 cZ-glucosides Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) cis-zeatin glucosides chebi:133211,chebi:133208,chebi:29043,pubchem:404609500,kegg:c15546 UDP-Glc Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) UDP-α-D-glucose chebi:46229 cZ Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) cis-zeatin chebi:46570 TIP1-2|VPg Complex TIP1-2[AT3G26520],VPg TIP1-2[AT3G26520] PlantCoding TIP1-2 fc00368 tonoplast intrinsic protein 2 AT3G26520 DZ-ribotide Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) dihydrozeatin riboside monophosphate chebi:80496 DZ-riboside Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) dihydrozeatin riboside chebi:80498 AHK2,3,4[AT1G27320,AT2G01830,AT5G35750] PlantCoding AHK2,3,4 fc00018 CK receptor Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) histidine kinase 2,3,4 ec:2.7.13.3,gmm:17.4.2 AHK AT5G35750,AT1G27320,AT2G01830 tZ Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) trans-zeatin; [6-((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino)purine] chebi:16522 DZ Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) dihydrozeatin chebi:17874 iP Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) N6-isopentenyladenine chebi:17660 SAMe Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) S-adenosyl-L-methionine chebi:15414 L-Met Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) L-methionine chebi:16643 NIMIN|NPR1 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) NIMIN[AT1G02450,AT1G09415,AT3G25882] PlantCoding NIMIN fc00114 Encodes a kinase that physically interacts with NPR1/NIM1. NIMIN1 modulates PR gene expression according the following model: NPR1 forms a ternary complex with NIMIN1 and TGA factors upon SAR induction that binds to a positive regulatory cis-element of the PR-1 promoter, termed LS7. This leads to PR-1 gene induction. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) NIM1-interacting gmm:27.3.99 NIMIN AT1G09415,AT3G25882,AT1G02450 ACC Metabolite An alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid. Direct precursor of ethylene. Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate chebi:30526,pubchem:5460234,kegg:c01234,doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00640 ACS[AT1G01480,AT2G22810,AT3G49700,AT3G61510,AT4G08040,AT4G11280,AT4G26200,AT4G37770,AT5G65800] PlantCoding ACS fc00009 Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase ec:4.4.1.14,gmm:17.5.1.1 ACS AT1G01480,AT2G22810,AT3G49700,AT3G61510,AT4G08040,AT4G11280,AT4G26200,AT4G37770,AT5G65800 ET Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Ethylene chebi:18153 ACO[AT1G05010,AT1G12010,AT1G62380,AT1G77330,AT2G19590,SOTUB07G018820.1.1] PlantCoding ACO fc00008 Ethylene-forming enzyme. ACOs belong to a large family of dioxygenases that require iron (Fe2+) as co-factor and bicarbonate as activator (HOM03D000012). Expression of the AtACO2 transcripts is affected by ethylene. Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase gmm:17.5.1.2,ec:1.14.17.4 ACO AT1G77330,AT1G05010,AT1G62380,AT1G12010,AT2G19590 SOTUB07G018820.1.1 ROS Metabolite Family of ROS compounds, including: hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxyl radical, superoxide anion, ozone, hydroxyl radical Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Reactive oxygen species chebi:16240,chebi:25935,chebi:18421,chebi:25812,chebi:29191 MDA Metabolite Malonaldehyde (MDA) occurs widely in biological systems undergoing severe oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure of Arabidopsis resulted in damage to leaf tissue. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Stress - Biotic,Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Malondialdehyde kegg:c19440,pubchem:10964,chebi:566274,metacyc:cpd-21542,doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2000.00897.x ALA Metabolite Essential fatty acid processes. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) α-linolenic-acid chebi:27432,kegg:c06427 Ile Metabolite amino acid Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Isoleucine chebi:58045 Thr Metabolite amino acid Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Threonine chebi:57926 OMR1[AT3G10050] PlantCoding OMR1 fc00117 Threonine deaminase (TD) in nbe. First enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of isoleucine. Catalyzes the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate from threonine in a two-step reaction. Important in defense against insects -reduced pool of Thr or for the synthesis of JA-Ile Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) threonine ammonia-lyase gmm:13.1.4.5.1 OMR AT3G10050 13-HPOT Metabolite parallel path to OPDA (jasmonic acid biosynthesis) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenic acid chebi:48905,chebi:58757,kegg:C04785,pubchem:45266757,metacyc:CPD-725 LOX[AT1G17420,AT1G55020,AT1G67560,AT1G72520,AT3G22400,AT3G45140,SOTUB03G034620.1.1] PlantCoding LOX fc00096 lipoxygenase Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) lipoxygenase gmm:17.7.1.2,kegg:k00454,kegg:k15718,kegg:k00454,kegg:k00454,kegg:k15718,kegg:k00454,ec:1.13.11.12,ec:1.13.11.58 LOX AT1G55020,AT1G17420,AT1G67560,AT1G72520,AT3G22400,AT3G45140 SOTUB03G034620.1.1 12,13-EOT Metabolite parallel path to OPDA (jasmonic acid biosynthesis) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 12,13(S)-epoxylinolenic acid chebi:15653,metacyc:CPD-728 AOS[AT5G42650] PlantCoding AOS fc00022 allene oxide synthase Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) hydroperoxide dehydratase kegg:k01723,ec:4.2.1.92,gmm:17.7.1.3 AOS AT5G42650 OPDA Metabolite parallel path to OPDA (jasmonic acid biosynthesis) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 12-oxophytodienoic acid chebi:34005,pubchem:45266620,metacyc:CPD-729 AOC[AT1G13280,AT3G25760,AT3G25770,AT3G25780] PlantCoding AOC fc00021 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) allene oxide cyclase 1,2,3,4 kegg:k10525,ec:5.3.99.6,gmm:17.7.1.4 AOC AT3G25770,AT1G13280,AT3G25780,AT3G25760 OPC8 Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) oxopentenyl-cyclopentane-octanoic acid pubchem:25244083 OPR[AT1G76680,AT1G76690,AT2G06050] PlantCoding OPR fc00119 OPR3: the only member of a small family of related enone reductases accepting the (9S,13S)-enantiomer of OPDA. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase gmm:17.7.1.5,kegg:k05894,ec:1.3.1.42 OPR AT1G76680,AT1G76690,AT2G06050 R-gene|potyvirus Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes potyvirus ForeignEntity Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Potyvirus is a genus of ssRNA(+) virus in the family Potyviridae. ncbitaxon:12195 virus TNL[unknown] PlantAbstract TNL fc00004 Arabidopsis identifiers include AT5G66900 Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-NLRs doi:10.1101/2021.02.25.431980 R-gene ASK[AT1G06390,AT1G75950,AT5G42190] PlantCoding ASK fc00188 SKP1 is a core component of the SCF family of E3 ubiquitin ligases and serves to tether the rest of the complex to an F-box protein, which provides specificity in binding to ubiquitin ligase substrate proteins. Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination S phase kinase-associated protein pmid:12172031 ASK AT1G06390,AT1G75950,AT5G42190 RBX[AT3G42830,AT5G20570] PlantCoding RBX fc00139 RING/U-box superfamily protein Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination RING-box pmid:12172031,gmm:29.5.11.4.2 RBX AT5G20570,AT3G42830 CUL[AT1G02980,AT1G43140,AT4G02570] PlantCoding CUL fc00051 Encodes an Arabidopsis Cullin family proteins, a cullin that is a component of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes involved in mediating responses to auxin and jasmonic acid. Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination cullin pmid:12172031,gmm:29.5.11.4.3.3 CUL AT1G43140,AT1G02980,AT4G02570 OPC8-CoA Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) oxopentenyl-cyclopentane-octanoyl-CoA pubchem:44237325 OPCL1[AT1G20510] PlantCoding OPCL1 fc00118 OPC8 undergoes three rounds of beta-oxidation involving three enzymes to yield (+)- 7-iso -jasmonic acid which equilibrates to the more stable (-)-JA (part 1). OPCL1: physiological role in JA biosynthesis was confirmed for only this gene. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) OPC-8:0 CoA ligase1 gmm:16.2.1.3,kegg:k10526,ec:6.2.1.-,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8 4CLL AT1G20510 OPC6-CoA Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) OPC6-CoA pubchem:44237133 MFP[AT3G06860,AT3G15290,AT4G29010] PlantCoding MFP fc00102 experimental evidence. OPC8 undergoes three rounds of beta-oxidation involving three enzymes to yield (+)- 7-iso -jasmonic acid which equilibrates to the more stable (-)-JA (part 3). Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gmm:11.9.4.9,ec:4.2.1.17,ec:1.1.1.35,ec:1.1.1.211,kegg:k10527,aracyc:ohacyl-coa-dehydrog-rxn,doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85498-4_8,metacyc:at4g29010-monomer MFP AT3G06860,AT3G15290,AT4G29010 OPC4-CoA Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) OPC4-CoA pubchem:44237211 JA-CoA Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) jasmonoyl-CoA pubchem:44237154 KAT[AT1G04710,AT2G33150,AT5G48880] PlantCoding KAT fc00092 peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) acetyl-CoA acyltransferase ec:2.3.1.16,aracyc:rxn-20153 KAT AT1G04710,AT2G33150,AT5G48880 JA Metabolite (+)-7-iso-jasmonate (interconverted through spontaneous epimerization) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Jasmonic acid pubchem:25245750,chebi:18292 ACH[AT2G30720,AT5G48370] PlantCoding ACH fc00007 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) thioesterase/thiol ester dehydrase-isomerase superfamily protein ec:3.1.2.-,aracyc:acyl-coa-hydrolase-rxn ACH AT2G30720,AT5G48370 MeJA Metabolite (-)-jasmonic acid methyl ester Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) methyl jasmonic acid pubchem:5367719 JMT[AT1G19640] PlantCoding JMT fc00089 Belongs to a PLAZA-dicots_v3 family, which contains also genes similar to SAMT (turns SA into MeSA and GA into MeGA; among others). Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) jasmonate O-methyltransferase gmm:17.8.1.1.7,ec:2.1.1.141,aracyc:at1g19640-monomer JMT AT1G19640 JA-Ile Metabolite (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (the non-active form; epimerization) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Jasmonoyl-isoleucine pubchem:54758681 JAR[AT2G46370,AT4G03400] PlantCoding JAR fc00087 JAR1 is the enzyme responsible for the conjugation of JA with isoleucine (JA-Ile). GH family in KEGG (K14487) contains additional 17 members to this one. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein gmm:33.99 JAR AT4G03400,AT2G46370 12-OH-JA-Ile Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid 12-O-β-D-glucoside chebi:136181,metacyc:cpd-13420 CYP94[AT2G27690,AT3G48520] PlantCoding CYP94 fc00053 CYP94B3 is a jasmonoyl-isoleucine-12-hydroxylase that catalyzes the formation of 12-OH-JA-Ile from JA-Ile. Gene expression is induced in response to wounding and jasmonic acid treatment. Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) cytochrome P450, family 94, subfamily C, polypeptide 1,3 gmm:26.1 CYP94 AT2G27690,AT3G48520 MeSA Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) methyl salicylate chebi:31832 MES[AT2G23560,AT2G23580,AT2G23600,AT2G23620,AT4G37150,PGSC0003DMG400000756,SOTUB02G012040.1.1] PlantCoding MES fc00101 MES(1,2,4,7,9) appears to be involved in MeSA hydrolysis in planta. Expression of MES7, MES9 can restore systemic acquired resistance in SAR-deficient tobacco plants. MES4 encodes a protein shown to have carboxylesterase activity and methyl salicylate esterase activity in vitro. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) methyl esterase 1,2,4,7,9 gmm:26.8 MES AT2G23560,AT2G23580,AT2G23600,AT2G23620,AT4G37150 PGSC0003DMG400000756,SOTUB02G012040.1.1 OBE2|VPg Complex Signalling - Growth Signalling - Growth,Stress - Biotic OBE2[AT5G48160] OBE2[AT5G48160] PlantCoding OBE2 fc00344 Signalling - Growth Signalling - Growth potyvirus VPg interacting protein (DUF1423) AT5G48160 IsoChor Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Isochorismate chebi:29780 Chor Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Chorismate chebi:29748 ICS[AT1G18870,AT1G74710] PlantCoding ICS fc00084 Encodes a protein with isochorismate synthase activity. Mutants fail to accumulate salicylic acid. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) isochorismate synthase gmm:18.5.2.1 ICS AT1G18870,AT1G74710 Prep Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) prephenate chebi:57852 CM[AT1G69370,AT3G29200,AT5G10870] PlantCoding CM fc00044 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) chorismate mutase 1,2,3 gmm:13.1.6.2.1 CM AT3G29200,AT1G69370,AT5G10870 Phe Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Primary metabolism - Amino-acids,Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Phenylalanine chebi:28044,chebi:17295,pubchem:6140,metacyc:phe PAL[AT2G37040,AT3G10340,AT3G53260,AT5G04230] PlantCoding PAL fc00124 PAL4, a putative a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. PAL3 differs significantly from PAL1 and PAL2 and other sequenced plant PAL genes. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1,2,3,4 gmm:16.2.1.1 PAL AT5G04230,AT3G53260,AT2G37040,AT3G10340 MYC|PYL Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) PYL6[AT2G40330],MYC2[AT1G32640] PYL[AT1G01360,AT2G40330] PlantCoding PYL fc00313 Functions as abscisic acid sensor. Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Signalling - Perception and resistance genes regulatory components of ABA receptor family protein gmm:20.1 AT1G01360,AT2G40330 SAMC[AT1G34065,AT4G39460] PlantCoding SAMC fc00145 SAMC1 encodes a plastid metabolite transporter required for the import of S-Adenosylmethionine from the cytosol. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) S-adenosylmethionine carrier 1,2 gmm:34.9 SAMC AT1G34065,AT4G39460 ATG1A[AT3G61960] PlantCoding ATG1A fc00331 Degradation - Autophagy Degradation - Autophagy Protein kinase superfamily protein pmid:21984698,doi:10.1105/tpc.111.090993 AT3G61960 SAG Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) salicylic acid 2-O-β-D-glucoside chebi:145663 SAGT[AT2G43820,AT2G43840] PlantCoding SAGT fc00143 Induced by Salicylic acid, virus, fungus and bacteria. Involved in the tryptophan synthesis pathway. UGT74F1 transfers UDP:glucose to salicylic acid (forming a glucoside), benzoic acid, quercetin, and athranilate in vitro. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) UDP-glucosyltransferase gmm:26.2 SAGT AT2G43840,AT2G43820 SOD[AT1G08830,AT1G12520,AT2G28190,AT3G56350,AT5G18100] PlantCoding SOD fc00151 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. CSD1 encodes a cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase that can detoxify superoxide radicals. Its expression is affected by miR398-directed mRNA cleavage. Regulated by biotic and abiotic stress. CCS encodes copper chaperone for SOD1 (delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase). CSD2 can detoxify superoxide radicals. SOD is a iron/manganese superoxide dismutase. CSD3 is a putative peroxisomal CuZnSOD inducible by a high-light pulse. Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide dismutase gmm:21.6,gmm:15.2 SOD AT5G18100,AT1G12520,AT3G56350,AT1G08830,AT2G28190 O2 Metabolite ROS precursors Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Oxygen chebi:25805 RBOH[AT1G09090,AT1G19230,AT1G64060,AT3G45810,AT4G11230,AT4G25090,AT5G07390,AT5G47910,AT5G51060,AT5G60010,SOTUB06G025550.1.1,SOTUB06G025580.1.1,SOTUB08G028720.1.1] PlantCoding RBOH fc00315 Respiratory burst oxidase. NADPH-oxidase RBOHB plays a role in seed after-ripening. Major producer of superoxide in germinating seeds. RBOHF interacts with RBOHD to fine tune the spatial control of ROI production and hypersensitive response to cell in and around infection site. RBOHC is required for the production of reactive oxygen species in response to extracellular ATP stimulus. The increase in ROS production stimulates Ca2+ influx. Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) NADPH oxidase doi:10.1104/pp.103.024208,gmm:9.2,gmm:20.1.1 NADPH-dehydrogenase AT5G60010,AT5G51060,AT5G47910,AT5G07390,AT4G25090,AT4G11230,AT3G45810,AT1G64060,AT1G19230,AT1G09090 SOTUB06G025550.1.1,SOTUB06G025580.1.1,SOTUB08G028720.1.1 e- Metabolite Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis electron chebi:10545 CO2-deficiency Process Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ROS processes. conceptual:process ent-Copalyl-PP Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-Copalyl diphosphate chebi:58553,kegg:c00353 Geranylgeranyl-PP Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Geranylgeranyl diphosphate pubchem:3646,chebi:447277,kegg:c00353 CPS[AT4G02780,SOTUB06G034690.1.1] PlantCoding CPS fc00301 Terpenoid cyclases/Protein prenyltransferases superfamily protein Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase gmm:17.6.1.1 CPS AT4G02780 SOTUB06G034690.1.1 ent-Kaurene Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-Kaurene chebi:15415 KS[AT1G79460] PlantCoding KS fc00094 Terpenoid cyclases/Protein prenyltransferases superfamily protein Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-kaurene synthase gmm:17.6.1.2 KS AT1G79460 ent-Kaurenoic acid Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-Kaurenoic acid chebi:15417 KO[AT5G25900] PlantCoding KO fc00093 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-kaurene oxidase gmm:17.6.1.3 KO AT5G25900 GA12 Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin A12 chebi:30088 KAO1,2[AT1G05160,AT2G32440] PlantCoding KAO1,2 fc00091 The gibberellin biosynthetic genes AtKAO1 and AtKAO2 have overlapping roles Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 1,2 gmm:26.1 KAO AT1G05160,AT2G32440 GA9 Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin A9 chebi:29605 GA20ox[AT1G44090,AT1G60980,AT4G25420,AT5G07200,AT5G51810,SOTUB01G031210.1.1,SOTUB03G007160.1.1,SOTUB09G017710.1.1,SOTUB10G011620.1.1,SOTUB11G029030.1.1] PlantCoding GA20ox fc00302 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin 20-oxidase gmm:17.6.1.11 GA20ox AT1G44090,AT1G60980,AT4G25420,AT5G07200,AT5G51810 SOTUB01G031210.1.1,SOTUB03G007160.1.1,SOTUB09G017710.1.1,SOTUB10G011620.1.1,SOTUB11G029030.1.1 GA20 Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin A20 chebi:27742 GA3ox[AT1G15550,AT1G80330,AT1G80340,AT4G21690,SOTUB06G023360.1.1] PlantCoding GA3ox fc00303 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin 3-oxidase 1,2,3,4 gmm:17.6.1.12 GA3ox AT1G15550,AT1G80330,AT1G80340,AT4G21690 SOTUB06G023360.1.1 GA8 Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin A8 chebi:28861 C19-GA2ox[AT1G02400,AT1G30040,AT1G47990,AT1G78440,AT2G34555] PlantCoding C19-GA2ox fc00035 Encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase that acts on C19 gibberellins Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin 2-oxidase 1,2,3,4,6 gmm:17.6.1.13 GA2ox AT1G02400,AT2G34555,AT1G30040,AT1G47990,AT1G78440 GA34 Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellin A34 chebi:29593 GA-methylester Metabolite Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Gibberellin A1, A3, A4 methyl ester chebi:73250,chebi:73253,chebi:73252 GAMT1,2[AT4G26420,AT5G56300] PlantCoding GAMT1,2 fc00077 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) gibberellic acid (GA) methyltransferase 1,2 gmm:17.6.1 GAMT AT4G26420,AT5G56300 9-cis-β-carotene Metabolite Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL),Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids 9-cis-β-carotene chebi:67188,kegg:c20484,kegg:c20484 β-Carotene Metabolite A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Hormone - Strigolactones (SL),Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids all-trans-β-carotene pubchem:54603957,chebi:17579,kegg:c02094,pubchem:5178 D27[AT1G03055,OS11G0587000] PlantCoding D27 fc00046 Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) beta-carotene isomerase D27-like protein β-carotene isomerase AT1G03055 OS11G0587000 CLA Metabolite Carlactone (CL) is the common precursor for all known SLs, but must be modified by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family to form carlactonoic acid (CLA) or other active derivatives. Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Carlactonoic acid doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6,pubchem:90658468 CL Metabolite Carlactone (CL) is a compound with strigolactone-like biological activities. CL is the common precursor for all known SLs, but must be modified by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family to form carlactonoic acid (CLA) or other active derivatives. Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Carlactone doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6,doi:10.1126/science.1218094,chebi:67190,pubchem:172232413,kegg:c20693,kegg:ath00906 MAX1[AT2G26170] PlantCoding MAX1 fc00099 Carlactone (CL), is the common precursor for all known SLs, but must be modified by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family to form carlactonoic acid (CLA) or other active derivatives. Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) cytochrome P450, family 711, subfamily A, polypeptide 1; more axillary branches 1 gmm:26.1,doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6 CYP AT2G26170 HMBDP Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-metylbut-2-enyl diphosphate chebi:15664 ISPH[AT4G34350] PlantCoding ISPH fc00085 methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Arabidopsis ISPH is involved in the plastid nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. It was shown to complement the lethal phenotype of E. coli ispH mutant and is therefore most likely encodes a protein with 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity involved in the last step of mevalonate-independent isopentenyl biosynthesis. Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase gmm:16.1.1.7,ec:1.17.7.4 ISPH AT4G34350 IPT1,3,4,5,6,7,8[AT1G25410,AT1G68460,AT3G19160,AT3G23630,AT3G63110,AT4G24650,AT5G19040] PlantCoding IPT1,3,4,5,6,7,8 fc00307 IPT4,6,8 are not normally expressed in the vegetative phase. This grouping draws from doi:10.1073/pnas.0603522103 (IPT1,IPT3,IPT5,IPT7 in planta), doi:10.1074/jbc.M102130200 (IPT6, IPT8, in ecoli), doi:10.1093/pcp/pce112 (IPT4, in callus). Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases gmm:17.4.1,ec:2.5.1.27,ec:2.5.1.112,doi:10.1073/pnas.0603522103,doi:10.1074/jbc.M102130200,doi:10.1093/pcp/pce112 IPT AT1G68460,AT3G63110,AT5G19040,AT3G23630,AT1G25410,AT3G19160,AT4G24650 iP-ribotide Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) isopentenyl adenine ribotides chebi:71679 DAD1[AT2G44810] PlantCoding DAD1 fc00387 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Chloroplastic phospholipase A1 AT2G44810 phospholipids Metabolite Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Common membrane phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) chebi:16247 Growth Process Signalling - Growth Signalling - Growth Normal plant growth related to development, primary metabolism, and biomass. JASSY[AT1G70480] PlantCoding JASSY fc00190 chloroplast outer membrane protein, required for OPDA translocation from chloroplast to cytoplasm Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) OPDA exporting chloroplast membrane protein gmm:34.16,doi:10.1073/pnas.1900482116 AT1G70480 DZ-glucosides Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) dihydrozeatin glucosides chebi:133475,metacyc:cpd-4615,chebi:72612,metacyc:cpd-4616,chebi:80499,kegg:c16448,metacyc:cpd-4617,chebi:133477,metacyc:cpd-4621,pubchem:25201421 iP-riboside Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) N6-isopentenyladenosine chebi:60283 tZ-riboside Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) 9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin; [6-((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine] chebi:71693 EIN3(like)|JAZ Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET),Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) EIN3(like)[AT2G27050,AT3G20770] PlantCoding EIN3(like) fc00063 Ethylene insensitive 3 and Ethylene insensitive 3-like Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) EIN3 and EIN3-like transcription factors gmm:27.3.19,kegg:k14514 EIN3(like) AT2G27050,AT3G20770 COI1|JA-Ile|SCF Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) CI|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic CI,VPg tZ-ribotide Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) 9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin-5′-triphosphate chebi:71938 tZ-glucoside Metabolite Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) trans-zeatin glucosides chebi:80494,chebi:72609,chebi:38266,chebi:172726,kegg:c03423,kegg:c16443 p-Coumaric acid Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids,Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hydroxycinnamic acid isonomer chebi:32374,pubchem:637542,metacyc:coumarate,kegg:C00811 Phenolics production Process Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Phenolic compounds (such as coumaric acid) production, leading towards alkaloids, and the destruction of pathogens/insects. iP-glucosides Metabolite http://www.olchemim.cz/Products.aspx?idc=1&idp=1; DOI:10.1016/j.trac.2008.11.010; DOI:10.3389/fpls.2016.01264 Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) isopentenyl adenine glucosides chebi:74321,metacyc:cpd-4602,chebi:72616,metacyc:cpd-4603,doi:10.1016/j.trac.2008.11.010,doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01264,doi:10.1016/j.trac.2008.11.010 CYP735A1,A2[AT1G67110,AT5G38450] PlantCoding CYP735A1,A2 fc00052 Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) cytochrome P450, family 735, subfamily A, polypeptide 1,2 ec:1.14.13.-,gmm:26.1 CYP735 AT5G38450,AT1G67110 miR168[AT4G19395,MIR168] PlantNonCoding miR168 fc00334 Encodes a microRNA that targets AGO1. MIR168a is highly expressed and predominantly produces a 21-nt miR168 species. By contrast, MIR168b is expressed at low levels and produces an equal amount of 21- and 22-nt miR168 species. Only the 21-nt miR168 is preferentially stabilized by AGO1. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing microRNA 168A mirbase:mi0000210,tair:locus:1009023317,pmid:20823831,doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.215 AT4G19395 MIR168 NPR1|NPR1 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TRX-H[AT1G45145,AT5G42980] PlantCoding TRX-H fc00155 Only TRX3/5 are implicated in rx00096 (NPR complex monomerisation). Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) thioredoxin gmm:21.1 TRX-H AT5G42980,AT1G45145 EBF|SCF Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Trichome-initiation Process Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Initiation of trichome growth. conceptual:process ARF[AT1G19850,AT2G33860,AT5G60450,AT5G62000] PlantCoding ARF fc00187 ARF3 is a target of the ta-siRNA tasiR-ARF. ARF4 appears to have redundant function with ETT(ARF3) in specifying abaxial cell identity. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Promotes flowering, stamen development, floral organ abscission and fruit dehiscence. Functions independently of ethylene and cytokinin response pathways. May act as a repressor of cell division and organ growth. Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) auxin response transcription factor gmm:27.3.4 ARF AT1G19850,AT2G33860,AT5G60450,AT5G62000 TAS3[AT3G17185,AT5G49615] PlantNonCoding TAS3 fc00175 Encodes a trans-acting siRNA (tasi-RNA) that regulates the expression of auxin response factor genes (ARF2, ARF4, ETT). One of 3 genomic loci that encode the TAS3 siRNA. In contrast to the single mRNA binding family, TAS3 requires the guide mRNA miR390 bind the transcript at two sites. The transcript is then cleaved at the 3’ binding site only, by AGO7. As is the case for the TAS1, TAS2, and TAS3 families, RDR6 then synthesizes the dsRNA fragment which is further processed by DCL4. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing trans-acting siRNA3 TAS3 AT3G17185,AT5G49615 UPL5[AT4G12570] PlantCoding UPL5 fc00159 Regulates leaf senescence through ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of WRKY53. Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination ubiquitin protein ligase, HECT E3 class gmm:29.5.11.4.1 HECT AT4G12570 AOX[AT1G32350,AT3G22370] PlantCoding AOX fc00023 Primary metabolism - Respiration Primary metabolism - Respiration Ubiquinol oxidase 3, mitochondrial AOX AT1G32350,AT3G22370 CAMTA3[AT2G22300,SOTUB04G020530.1.1] PlantCoding CAMTA3 fc00036 Transcription factor. Repressor of SA defence. Encodes a putative CAM binding transcription factor. Loss of function mutations show enhanced resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens suggesting that CAMTA functions to suppress defense responses. Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 gmm:17.5.3,gmm:27.3.39,kegg:k21596 CAMTA AT2G22300 SOTUB04G020530.1.1 SR1IP1[AT5G67385] PlantCoding SR1IP1 fc00152 Mediates cullin 3 (CAMTA3) based proteasome degradation. Phototropic-responsive NPH3-like protein. May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination SR1/CAMPTA3 interacting protein gmm:30.11,doi:10.1111/tpj.12473 NPH3 AT5G67385 APX[AT1G07890,AT3G09640,AT4G09010,AT4G32320,AT4G35000,AT4G35970] PlantCoding APX fc00025 Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ascorbate peroxidase 1,2,3,4,5,6 pmid:23412747,gmm:21.2.1,gmm:26.12 APX AT3G09640,AT4G35000,AT1G07890,AT4G35970,AT4G32320,AT4G09010 GPX[AT1G63460,AT2G25080,AT2G31570,AT2G43350,AT2G48150,AT3G63080,AT4G11600,AT4G31870] PlantCoding GPX fc00078 Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Glutathione peroxidase doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2014.12.014 GPX AT2G25080,AT2G31570,AT2G43350,AT2G48150,AT3G63080,AT4G11600,AT4G31870,AT1G63460 vsiRNA34327 ForeignNonCoding Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing virus-derived small interfering RNA targeting GA1 doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192,pmid:29312421 vsiRNA12986 ForeignNonCoding vsiRNA12986 Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing virus-derived small interfering RNA targeting GA20ox doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192,pmid:29312421 Waterlogging ForeignAbiotic Stress - Waterlogging Stress - Waterlogging O2-deficiency Process Primary metabolism - Respiration Primary metabolism - Respiration Insufficient availability of oxygen. phasiRNA931[PHASIRNA931] PlantNonCoding phasiRNA931 fc00181 Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing phasiRNA targetting GA3ox doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192 phasiRNA931 PHASIRNA931 RISC - vsiRNA Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing RNA-induced silencing complex doi:10.1038/nrmicro1239 MYB33,44,65[AT3G11440,AT5G06100,AT5G67300,SOTUB06G030530.1.1] PlantCoding MYB33,44,65 fc00309 gibberellin induced TF Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins MYB transcription factors 33,44,65 gmm:27.3.25 MYB AT3G11440,AT5G06100,AT5G67300 SOTUB06G030530.1.1 miR159AB[AT1G18075,AT1G73687] PlantNonCoding miR159AB fc00176 Encodes microRNA’s that target several MYB family members. miR159A and miR159B function redundantly. Plants that are doubly mutated for miR159AB have curled leaves and reduced stature. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing microRNA 159AB mirbase:mi0000189,mirbase:mi0000218,doi:10.1104/pp.110.160630,tair:locus:1009023075,tair:locus:1009023126 miR159 AT1G73687,AT1G18075 miR319a-3p[MIR319A-3P] PlantNonCoding miR319a-3p fc00179 Harbors general WRKY binding W-box regulatory element. In Arabidopsis, predominantly targets TCP transcription factor genes, and in contrast, statistical as well as experimentally established criteria have suggested that miR319 should be as efficient in targeting MYB33 and MYB65 as miR159. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing microRNA 319A doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.04.012,doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02192,mirbase:mi0000544 miR319 MIR319A-3P D53[OS11G0104300] PlantCoding D53 fc00055 Substrate of the SCFD3 ubiquitination complex, Repressor of strigolactone (SL) signalling Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Protein DWARF 53 uniprotkb:q2rbp2 Class I Clp ATPase OS11G0104300 Cu2+ Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Copper chebi:29036 HMA[AT1G63440,AT5G44790] PlantCoding HMA fc00082 HMA transporter Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) copper-exporting ATPase ec:3.6.3.4,gmm:34.12 HMA AT5G44790,AT1G63440 CTS[AT4G39850] PlantCoding CTS fc00050 Encodes a peroxisomal protein of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter class (PMP subfamily). Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) ATP-binding cassette D1 gmm:34.16 CTS AT4G39850 JAT2[AT2G39350] PlantCoding JAT2 fc00005 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) ABC-2 type transporter family protein gmm:34.16,tair:locus:2039682,doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00390 ABCG AT2G39350 MOS[AT1G80680,AT4G02150,AT5G05680] PlantCoding MOS fc00105 Involved in basal resistance against bacterial pathogens. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) importin-alpha isoform (IMPA/MOS) gmm:29.3.1,doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.05.022,doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2004.07.016 MOS AT4G02150,AT5G05680,AT1G80680 ETR[AT1G04310,AT1G66340,AT2G40940,AT3G04580,AT3G23150] PlantCoding ETR fc00075 ERS1, ERS2 have no receiver domain. ETR1, EIN4, ETR2 have receiver domain on the C terminus. Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) ethylene receptor gmm:17.5.2,ec:2.7.13.-,kegg:ko04075,pmid:12045274 ETR AT1G04310,AT1G66340,AT2G40940,AT3G04580,AT3G23150 CTR|ETR Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) RTE1[AT2G26070] PlantCoding RTE1 fc00142 In Arabidopsis, it appears to be involved in the negative regulation of the response to ethylene, is localized to the Golgi and is a positive regulator of ETR1. Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) protein REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY-like protein (DUF778) RTE1 AT2G26070 EIN2[AT5G03280] PlantCoding EIN2 fc00062 EIN2 transporter. Involved in ethylene signal transduction. Acts downstream of CTR1. Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) EIN2 transporter, NRAMP metal ion transporter family protein kegg:k14513,gmm:34.12;kegg:map04075 EIN2 AT5G03280 ETP|SCF Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) MPK4[AT4G01370] PlantCoding MPK4 fc00106 Encodes a nuclear and cytoplasmically localized MAP kinase involved in mediating responses to pathogens. Its substrates include MKS1 and probably MAP65-1. Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 4 gmm:29.4,gmm:30.6 MAPK AT4G01370 VISO[unknown] PlantAbstract VISO fc00420 an unknown isomerase catalyzes all-trans-violaxanthin to 9′-cis-violaxanthin directly. Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA)) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Violaxanthin isomerase doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03094.x,doi:10.1111/jipb.12899 9-cis-Violaxanthin Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) 9-cis-Violaxanthin pubchem:586175,chebi:35305,kegg:c13433 Violaxanthin Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Violaxanthin pubchem:10807,chebi:35288,kegg:c08614 SA low Condition Low SA concentration doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00697,pmid:25538725 f(SA)=|SA|t MKK1[AT4G26070] PlantCoding MKK1 fc00250 Member of MAP kinase kinase. Likely functions in a stress-activated MAPK pathway. Can phosphorylate MPK4 in response to stress. Gets phosphorylated by MEKK1 (MAPKKK8) in response to wounding. Can directly interact with senescence-related WRKY53 transcription factor on the protein level and can bind to its promoter. MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1; Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in the cold and salinity stress-mediated MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MEK1/MKK2 and MPK4/MPK6). Activates downstream MKK2, MKK4 and MKK5. Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/ ERK kinase 1 gmm:29.4.1,gmm:30.6 AT4G26070 MKD1[AT5G11850] PlantCoding MKD1 fc00186 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Protein kinase superfamily protein gmm:29.4,gmm:30.6 AT5G11850 IAM Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) indole-3-acetamide chebi:16031,pubchem:397,metacyc:cpd-237 Trp Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Tryptophan chebi:57912,pubchem:6305,metacyc:trp iaaM[unknown] PlantAbstract iaaM fc00253 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) unknown enzyme SARD1[AT1G73805] PlantCoding SARD1 fc00254 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Calmodulin binding protein-like protein gmm:30.3 AT1G73805 Thiohydroximate Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Indolylmethylthiohydroximate chebi:80544,metacyc:CPD-1861,kegg:C16516 S-alkyl-thiohydroximate Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) S-(Indolylmethylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine chebi:80546,pubchem:134820511,metacyc:cpd-7547 SUR1[AT2G20610] PlantCoding SUR1 fc00255 Confers auxin overproduction. Mutants have an over-proliferation of lateral roots. Encodes a C-S lyase involved in converting S-alkylthiohydroximate to thiohydroximate in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Tyrosine transaminase family protein metacyc:at2g20610,gmm:13.1.6.4.3 AT2G20610 OSCA1.3[AT1G11960] PlantCoding OSCA1.3 fc00398 Calcium channel that is phosphorylated by BIK1 in the presence of PAMPS and required for stomatal immunity. Stress - Drought Stress - Drought Calcium channel AT1G11960 5-phosphomevalonate Metabolite Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids mevalonic acid-5-phosphate chebi:17436,pubchem:439400 MVA Metabolite Precursor of isoprenoids and cholesterol Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Mevalonic acid chebi:36464,pubchem:439230,metacyc:MEVALONATE,kegg:C00418 MVK[AT5G27450] PlantCoding MVK fc00256 Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids mevalonate kinase metacyc:at5g27450 AT5G27450 TCP8[AT1G58100] PlantCoding TCP8 fc00258 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TCP family transcription factor gmm:27.3.29 AT1G58100 IAA Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Indole-3-acetic acid chebi:30854,pubchem:801,metacyc:indole_acetate_auxin IAA-Ala Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) N-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-alanine chebi:71672,pubchem:644225,metacyc:indole-3-acetyl-ala IAR[AT1G51760,AT1G68100] PlantCoding IAR fc00227 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) IAA-alanine resistance protein gmm:17.2.1,gmm:34.12 AT1G51760,AT1G68100 IPA Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Indole-3-pyruvate chebi:17640,pubchem:803,metacyc:indole_pyruvate TAA1[AT1G70560] PlantCoding TAA1 fc00260 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 metacyc:at1g70560,gmm:16.5.99.1 AT1G70560 BAK1|BRI1 Complex Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1(SERK3) BRI1,BAK1 BRI1[AT4G39400] PlantCoding BRI1 fc00321 Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein AT4G39400 Brassinolide Metabolite Brassinolide is the most active brassinosteroid (BR), a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones in plants. BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes including plant growth, development and immunity. Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Brassinosteroid chebi:28277,pubchem:11007,metacyc:cpd-697 IAOx Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) (E)-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime chebi:17545,pubchem:5371769,metacyc:indole-3-acetaldoxime CYP79B2[AT4G39950] PlantCoding CYP79B2 fc00261 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) cytochrome P450, family 79, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 metacyc:at4g39950,gmm:26.1 AT4G39950 IAOx N-oxide Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) 1-aci-nitro-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane chebi:136445,pubchem:15663323 CYP83B1[AT4G31500] PlantCoding CYP83B1 fc00262 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) cytochrome P450, family 83, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 metacyc:at4g31500,gmm:26.1 AT4G31500 IAN Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) indole-3-acetonitrile chebi:17566,pubchem:351795,metacyc:indoleyl-cpd NIT1[AT3G44310] PlantCoding NIT1 fc00263 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) nitrilase 1 metacyc:at3g44310,gmm:16.5.1.3.3 AT3G44310 AMI1[AT1G08980] PlantCoding AMI1 fc00264 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) amidase 1 metacyc:at1g08980,gmm:29.3.3 AT1G08980 LECRK19[AT5G60300] PlantCoding LECRK19 fc00259 Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Concanavalin A-like lectin protein kinase family protein gmm:29.4,gmm:30.2.19 AT5G60300 SARD1|TCP8 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TCP8[AT1G58100],SARD1[AT1G73805] TCP8|WRKY28 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TCP8[AT1G58100],WRKY28[AT4G18170] NAC019|TCP8 Complex Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TCP8[AT1G58100],NAC019[AT1G52890] FKBP65[AT5G48570] PlantCoding FKBP65 fc00266 Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family protein gmm:31.3.1 AT5G48570 IAA-Leu Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) N-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-leucine chebi:71675,pubchem:688142,metacyc:indole-3-acetyl-leu ILR1[AT3G02875] PlantCoding ILR1 fc00267 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Peptidase M20/M25/M40 family protein gmm:17.2.1 AT3G02875 UTR1[AT2G02810] PlantCoding UTR1 fc00268 Regulation - Transport Regulation - Transport UDP-galactose transporter 1 gmm:34.11 AT2G02810 SIK1[AT1G69220] PlantCoding SIK1 fc00269 Signalling - Growth Signalling - Growth Protein kinase superfamily protein gmm:29.4.1 AT1G69220 RDR1,6[AT1G14790,AT3G49500] PlantCoding RDR1,6 fc00337 RDRs are a family of proteins that produce double-stranded small RNA (sRNA) precursors by synthesizing the complementary strand of a single-stranded RNA template. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing RNA-dependent RNA polymerases gmm:27.2,doi:10.1105/tpc.109.073056,doi:10.1073/pnas.0904086107,tair:locus:2006822,tair:locus:2114633 AT1G14790,AT3G49500 MeIAA Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate pubchem:74706,metacyc:cpd-10546,chebi:72782 IAMT1[AT5G55250] PlantCoding IAMT1 fc00271 Encodes an enzyme which specifically converts IAA to its methyl ester form MelIAA. Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) IAA carboxylmethyltransferase 1 metacyc:at5g55250,gmm:17.2.1 AT5G55250 BGLU30[AT3G60140] PlantCoding BGLU30 fc00272 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein gmm:26.3 AT3G60140 CYP81F4[AT4G37410] PlantCoding CYP81F4 fc00273 Secondary metabolism - Alkaloids Secondary metabolism - Alkaloids cytochrome P450, family 81, subfamily F, polypeptide 4 gmm:26.1 AT4G37410 DR4[AT1G73330] PlantCoding DR4 fc00274 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) drought-repressed 4 gmm:20.1.7.6 AT1G73330 ERF016[AT5G21960] PlantCoding ERF016 fc00275 Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) ethylene response factor 16 gmm:17.5.2,gmm:27.3.3 AT5G21960 eATP Metabolite Extracellular ATP (eATP) is now recognized as an important signaling agent in plant growth and defense response to environmental stimuli. Signalling - Other Signalling - Other extracellular ATP chebi:15422,pubchem:5957,doi:10.4161/psb.19857,pmid:22516815 IAA-Glu Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-β-D-glucose chebi:17990,pubchem:440255,metacyc:cpd-1102 UGT84B1[AT2G23260] PlantCoding UGT84B1 fc00278 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) UDP-glucosyl transferase 84B1 gmm:26.2 AT2G23260 IAA-Asp Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) (indol-3-yl)acetyl-L-aspartate chebi:133482,pubchem:6921620,metacyc:indole-3-acetyl-asp DOPAL Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde chebi:27978,pubchem:119219,metacyc:34-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde PAA Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Phenylacetaldehyde chebi:16424,pubchem:998,metacyc:phenylacetaldehyde L-Dopa Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine chebi:57504,pubchem:6971033,metacyc:l-dihydroxy-phenylalanine ELI5[AT2G20340] PlantCoding ELI5 fc00281 Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein gmm:16.4.1 AT2G20340 TIR1[AT3G62980] PlantCoding TIR1 fc00283 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein gmm:17.2.2 AT3G62980 GH3.7[AT1G23160] PlantCoding GH3.7 fc00280 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) auxin-responsive GH3 family protein gmm:17.2.3 AT1G23160 HSP18.1-CI[AT5G59720] PlantCoding HSP18.1-CI fc00391 Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) small heat shock protein cytoplasmic/nuclear-localized AT5G59720 SAUR41[AT1G16510] PlantCoding SAUR41 fc00284 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family gmm:17.2.3 AT1G16510 PP2C[AT3G11410,SOLTU.DM.03G012480.1,SOLTU.DM.06G031720.1,SOTUB03G021270.1.1,SOTUB06G032210.1.1] PlantCoding PP2C fc00286 Negative regulator of ABA signalling. Expressed in seeds during germination. mRNA up-regulated by drought and ABA. Stress - Waterlogging Stress - Waterlogging,Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) protein phosphatase 2C gmm:17.1.2,gmm:29.4 AT3G11410 SOLTU.DM.03G012480.1,SOLTU.DM.06G031720.1,SOTUB03G021270.1.1,SOTUB06G032210.1.1 GBF4[AT1G03970] PlantCoding GBF4 fc00287 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) G-box binding factor 4 gmm:27.3.35 AT1G03970 BRAHMA[AT2G46020] PlantCoding BRAHMA fc00341 Encodes a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPase Stress - Heat Stress - Heat transcription regulatory protein SNF2 gmm:27.3.44 AT2G46020 GER3|VPg Complex GER3[AT5G20630],VPg GER3[AT5G20630] PlantCoding GER3 fc00372 germin 3 AT5G20630 bZIP21[AT1G08320] PlantCoding bZIP21 fc00288 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) bZIP transcription factor family protein gmm:27.3.35 AT1G08320 HSP26.5-MII[AT1G52560] PlantCoding HSP26.5-MII fc00392 Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) small heat shock protein mitochondrial-localized AT1G52560 Stomatal closure Process Stress - Drought Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Stress - Drought Phenotype response to water deficit RD29[AT5G52300,AT5G52310,SOTUB03G014340.1.1] PlantCoding RD29 fc00192 Encodes a protein that is induced in expression in response to water deprivation such as cold, high-salt, and desiccation. The response appears to be via abscisic acid. Stress - Drought Stress - Heat,Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Stress - Drought,Stress - Waterlogging Responsive to Desiccation 29 gmm:20.2.2 AT5G52300,AT5G52310 SOTUB03G014340.1.1 CAU1[AT4G31120] PlantCoding CAU1 fc00342 Encodes a histone methylase, functions as an upstream suppressor of CAS, and via this interaction serves as an essential player in the [Ca2+]o-mediated stomatal closure and drought tolerance. Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Calcium Underaccumulation 1 gmm:25,doi:10.1105/tpc.113.113886,tair:locus:2126276 AT4G31120 P5CS1[AT2G39800] PlantCoding P5CS1 fc00399 P5CS1 appears to be involved in salt stress responses related to proline accumulation, including protection from reactive oxidative species. Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Primary metabolism - Amino-acids delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 AT2G39800 BSK[AT1G01740,AT1G50990,AT1G63500,AT2G17090,AT3G09240,AT3G54030,AT4G00710,AT4G35230,AT5G01060,AT5G41260,AT5G46570,AT5G59010] PlantCoding BSK fc00290 Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) BR-signaling kinase kegg:k14500,ec:2.7.11.1,gmm:29.4.1.52,doi:10.1126/science.1156973,pmid:18653891 AT1G01740,AT1G50990,AT1G63500,AT2G17090,AT3G09240,AT3G54030,AT4G00710,AT4G35230,AT5G01060,AT5G41260,AT5G46570,AT5G59010 BSU1[AT1G03445] PlantCoding BSU1 fc00291 Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Serine/threonine protein phosphatase family protein kegg:k14501,gmm:17.3.2.1 AT1G03445 BZR2[AT1G19350] PlantCoding BZR2 fc00292 Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein gmm:17.3.2.2 AT1G19350 XTH[AT5G57560,PGSC0003DMG402010918] PlantCoding XTH fc00293 Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Signalling - Calcium,Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gmm:10.6.2,gmm:50.2.4 AT5G57560 PGSC0003DMG402010918 CYCD3-3[AT3G50070] PlantCoding CYCD3-3 fc00294 Encode CYCD3;3, a CYCD3 D-type cyclin. Important for determining cell number in developing lateral organs. Mediating cytokinin effects in apical growth and development. Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) Hormone - Brassinosteroids (BS) CYCLIN D3;3 gmm:31.3 AT3G50070 MKK4,5[AT1G51660,AT3G21220] PlantCoding MKK4,5 fc00295 Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET),Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4, 5 doi:10.1038/415977a,gmm:30.6 AT1G51660,AT3G21220 NPR1|WRKY18 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) NPR1[AT1G64280],WRKY18[AT4G31800] CDK|NPR1 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) NPR1[AT1G64280],CDKE-1[AT5G63610] CDK[AT5G63610] PlantCoding CDK fc00297 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation cyclin-dependent kinase E-1 gmm:29.4 AT5G63610 CDK|WRKY6,18 Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) CDKE-1[AT5G63610],WRKY18[AT4G31800] CDK|TGA Complex Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) CDKE-1[AT5G63610],TGA2,5,6[AT3G12250,AT5G06950,AT5G06960] PEPR[AT1G17750,AT1G73080] PlantCoding PEPR fc00298 Hormone - Peptides Hormone - Peptides PEP receptor gmm:30.2.11 AT1G73080,AT1G17750 TCP8,14,15[AT1G58100,AT1G69690,AT3G47620] PlantCoding TCP8,14,15 fc00332 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) TCP family transcription factor gmm:27.3.29,doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01153 AT1G58100,AT1G69690,AT3G47620 PEPR1|PEP1 Complex Hormone - Peptides Hormone - Peptides PEP1[AT5G64900],PEPR1[AT1G73080] PEP[AT2G22000,AT5G09976,AT5G09978,AT5G09980,AT5G09990,AT5G64890,AT5G64900,AT5G64905] PlantCoding PEP fc00299 Hormone - Peptides Hormone - Peptides Precursos of elicitor peptide gmm:20.1 AT5G64900,AT5G64890,AT5G64905,AT5G09980,AT5G09990,AT2G22000,AT5G09978,AT5G09976 BIK1|PEPR1|PEP1 Complex Signalling - Perception and resistance genes Signalling - Perception and resistance genes BIK1[AT2G39660],PEPR1|pep1 PA[AT2G22250] PlantCoding PA fc00121 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) aspartate aminotransferase gmm:13.1.1.2.1 PA AT2G22250 ADT[AT1G08250,AT1G11790,AT2G27820,AT3G07630,AT3G44720,AT5G22630] PlantCoding ADT fc00016 Encodes plastid-localized arogenate dehydratase involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis. 10.1074/jbc.M702662200: Three of the resulting recombinant proteins, encoded by ADT1 (At1g11790), ADT2 (At3g07630), and ADT6 (At1g08250), more efficiently utilized arogenate than prephenate, whereas the remaining three, ADT3 (At2g27820), ADT4 (At3g44720), and ADT5 (At5g22630) essentially only employed arogenate. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) arogenate dehydratase 1,2,3,4,5,6 gmm:13.1.6.3.1,doi:10.1074/jbc.M702662200 ADT AT1G11790,AT1G08250,AT3G44720,AT2G27820,AT3G07630,AT5G22630 CYP73A5[AT2G30490] PlantCoding CYP73A5 fc00329 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) cinnamate-4-hydroxylase AT2G30490 PABP2|VPg Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Stress - Biotic PAB2[AT4G34110],VPg PAB2[AT4G34110] PlantCoding PAB2 fc00345 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation poly(A) binding protein 2 AT4G34110 viral dsRNA ForeignCoding Sources of viral dsRNA for generation of visRNA: (1) In positive strand (+) RNA viruses, the genome can be directly translated into replication proteins which associate with host proteins and viral RNA to form membranous structures where the negative (−) strands are synthesized, and double-stranded replication intermediates are formed, (2) In negative strand (−) RNA viruses, transcription (relying on viral RDR) leads to the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) which can form dsRNA by pairing with the genomic RNA, (3) In negative strand (−) RNA viruses, genomic RNA replication that leads to the formation of antigenome, complementary to the genomic RNA, can base-pair with genomic RNA, serving as the source of dsRNAs (4) In DNA viruses, overlapping transcription and transcripts with self-complementary regions are sources of dsRNA, (5) Aberrant RNAs produced due to cleavage by certain vsiRNAs, are acted upon by RDRPs1/6 to produce long dsRNAs. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing viral double stranded RNA (siRNAs precursor) doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830 DCL2,4[AT3G03300,AT5G20320] PlantCoding DCL2,4 fc00335 In Arabidopsis, DCL2 and DCL4 process double-stranded RNA into 22 and 21 nucleotide small interfering (si)RNAs, respectively, and have overlapping functions with regards to virus and transgene silencing. DCL2 and DCL4 functions are mostly redundant. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing Dicer-like proteins gmm:27.1.20,doi:10.1111/tpj.12720 AT3G03300,AT5G20320 vsiRNA ForeignNonCoding siRNAs are derived from dsRNA precursors in a DCL dependent manner. During virus infection, endogenous as well as virus-derived small RNAs enable the plants to devise an appropriate strategy to counter the attack. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing viral-derived small interfering RNAs doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830 SAH Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine kegg:c00021,chebi:16680,aracyc:adenosyl-homo-cys me-vsiRNA ForeignNonCoding sRNA duplexes formed during RNA silencing are protected from degradation through 2′–O-methylation of their 3′ ends by HEN1. Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing methylated viral-derived small interfering RNAs doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830 PABP4|VPg Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Stress - Biotic PAB4[AT2G23350],VPg PAB4[AT2G23350] PlantCoding PAB4 fc00346 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation poly(A) binding protein 4 AT2G23350 HC-Pro|vsiRNA Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing In viral suppression of RNA-Silencing, Hc-Pro binds to vsiRNAs. L-homo-cys Metabolite Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) L-homocysteine kegg:c00155,chebi:17588,aracyc:homo-cys MS[AT3G03780,AT5G17920] PlantCoding MS fc00336 Encodes a cytosolic methionine synthase, involved in methionine regeneration via the activated methyl cycle (or SAM cycle). Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Methionine Synthase gmm:13.1.3.4.3,doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00293-8,tair:locus:2170318,tair:locus:2079434 AT3G03780,AT5G17920 ET|ETR Complex Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) PABP8|VPg Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Stress - Biotic PAB8[AT1G49760],VPg PAB8[AT1G49760] PlantCoding PAB8 fc00347 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation poly(A) binding protein 8 AT1G49760 PA Metabolite Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Phosphatidic Acid chebi:16337,metacyc:l-phosphatidate,kegg:c00416 PLDALPHA1[AT3G15730] PlantCoding PLDALPHA1 fc00348 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) phospholipase D alpha 1 AT3G15730 GSNO[AT5G43940] PlantCoding GSNO fc00080 Gene expression is reduced by wounding and induced by salicylic acid. Required for the acclimation of plants to high temperature, and for fertility. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein gmm:5.3,gmm:26.11.1 GSNO AT5G43940 Glu Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Glutamate chebi:29985,pubchem:5460299,metacyc:glt PBS3[AT5G13320] PlantCoding PBS3 fc00137 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein gmm:17.2.3 AT5G13320 6K2|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic 6K2,VPg 6K2 ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic small peptide of unknown functions doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus RISC - miR390 Complex Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing AGO1[AT1G48410],MIR390[AT2G38325,AT5G58465] AGO7[AT1G69440] PlantCoding AGO7 fc00350 Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing Argonaute family protein AT1G69440 PORB|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic PORB[AT4G27440],VPg PORB[AT4G27440] PlantCoding PORB fc00351 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Hormone - Ethylene (ET) protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B AT4G27440 PORA|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic PORA[AT5G54190],VPg PORA[AT5G54190] PlantCoding PORA fc00352 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Hormone - Ethylene (ET) protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A AT5G54190 FBA8|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates,Stress - Biotic FBA8[AT3G52930],VPg FBA8[AT3G52930] PlantCoding FBA8 fc00353 Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates Aldolase superfamily protein AT3G52930 GSTF9|VPg Complex GSTF9[AT2G30860],VPg GSTF9[AT2G30860] PlantCoding GSTF9 fc00354 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 AT2G30860 HUP54|VPg Complex Stress - Waterlogging Stress - Waterlogging,Stress - Biotic [ORF]F27G19.50[AT4G27450],VPg HUP54[AT4G27450] PlantCoding HUP54 fc00355 Stress - Waterlogging Stress - Waterlogging aluminum induced protein with YGL and LRDR motifs AT4G27450 EDS5[AT4G39030] PlantCoding EDS5 fc00061 Exports SA to cytosol. Essential component of salicylic acid-dependent signaling for disease resistance. Member of the MATE-transporter family. Expression induced by salicylic acid. Mutants are salicylic acid-deficient. Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) MATE efflux family protein doi:10.1111/nph.13286,gmm:20.1 EDS5 AT4G39030 VDAC2|VPg Complex Regulation - Transport Regulation - Transport,Stress - Biotic VDAC2[AT5G67500],VPg VDAC2[AT5G67500] PlantCoding VDAC2 fc00356 Regulation - Transport Regulation - Transport voltage dependent anion channel 2 AT5G67500 PSBR|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic PSBR[AT1G79040],VPg PSBR[AT1G79040] PlantCoding PSBR fc00357 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis photosystem II subunit R AT1G79040 LOX2|VPg Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Stress - Biotic LOX[AT1G17420,AT1G55020,AT1G67560,AT1G72520,AT3G22400,AT3G45140,SOTUB03G034620.1.1],VPg P1|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic P1,VPg P1 ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic serine protease doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus JAZ|MYC Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) MSL[AT1G53470,AT1G58200,AT1G78610,AT2G17000,AT2G17010,AT3G14810,AT4G00290,AT5G10490,AT5G12080,AT5G19520] PlantCoding MSL fc00388 Stress - Waterlogging Stress - Waterlogging Mechanosensitive channel of Small conductance-Like AT4G00290,AT5G10490,AT1G58200,AT1G53470,AT3G14810,AT1G78610,AT2G17000,AT2G17010,AT5G19520,AT5G12080 NIa-Pro|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic NIa-Pro,VPg NIa-Pro ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic protease doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus NIb|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic NIb,VPg NIb ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.09.004 virus CP|VPg Complex Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic,Stress - Biotic CP,VPg BAS1|VPg Complex Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS),Stress - Biotic BAS1[AT3G11630],VPg BAS1[AT3G11630] PlantCoding BAS1 fc00373 Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Thioredoxin superfamily protein AT3G11630 RBCL|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic RBC[AT1G67090,AT5G38430,ATCG00490],VPg PSBP1|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic PSBP1[AT1G06680],VPg PSBP1[AT1G06680] PlantCoding PSBP1 fc00374 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis photosystem II subunit P-1 AT1G06680 RCA|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic RCA[AT2G39730],VPg RCA[AT2G39730] PlantCoding RCA fc00375 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Signalling - Senescence rubisco activase AT2G39730 MED37E|VPg Complex Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs),Stress - Biotic MED37E[AT5G02500],VPg MED37E[AT5G02500] PlantCoding MED37E fc00376 Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) heat shock cognate protein 70-1 AT5G02500 IPP2|VPg Complex Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids,Stress - Biotic IPP2[AT3G02780],VPg IPP2[AT3G02780] PlantCoding IPP2 fc00377 Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids Secondary metabolism - Terpenoids isopentenyl pyrophosphate:dimethylallyl pyrophosphate isomerase 2 AT3G02780 ABCF1|VPg Complex Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation,Stress - Biotic ABCF1[AT5G60790],VPg ABCF1[AT5G60790] PlantCoding ABCF1 fc00378 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation ABC transporter family protein AT5G60790 CLPR3|VPg Complex CLPR3[AT1G09130],VPg CLPR3[AT1G09130] PlantCoding CLPR3 fc00379 ATP-dependent caseinolytic (Clp) protease/crotonase family protein AT1G09130 MES10[AT3G50440] PlantCoding MES10 fc00401 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) methylesterase AT3G50440 ACT[AT5G61160] PlantCoding ACT fc00380 Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase 1 AT5G61160 PSBB|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic psbB[ATCG00680],VPg psbB[ATCG00680] PlantCoding psbB fc00381 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis photosystem II reaction center protein B ATCG00680 BCCP1|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Lipids Primary metabolism - Lipids,Stress - Biotic BCCP1[AT5G16390],VPg BCCP1[AT5G16390] PlantCoding BCCP1 fc00382 Primary metabolism - Lipids Primary metabolism - Lipids chloroplastic acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase 1 AT5G16390 GRF6|VPg Complex Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS),Stress - Biotic GRF6[AT5G10450],VPg GRF6[AT5G10450] PlantCoding GRF6 fc00383 Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signalling - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) G-box regulating factor 6 AT5G10450 CAC2|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates,Stress - Biotic CAC2[AT5G35360],VPg CAC2[AT5G35360] PlantCoding CAC2 fc00384 Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates Primary metabolism - Carbohydrates,Primary metabolism - Lipids acetyl Co-enzyme a carboxylase biotin carboxylase subunit AT5G35360 GSTF2|VPg Complex GST[AT1G02920,AT1G02930,AT1G17170,AT2G02930,AT2G47730,AT4G02520],VPg MPPBETA|VPg Complex MPPBETA[AT3G02090],VPg MPPBETA[AT3G02090] PlantCoding MPPBETA fc00385 Insulinase (Peptidase family M16) protein AT3G02090 ATPC1|VPg Complex Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis,Stress - Biotic ATPC1[AT4G04640],VPg ATPC1[AT4G04640] PlantCoding ATPC1 fc00386 Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis ATPase%2C F1 complex%2C gamma subunit protein AT4G04640 MYC3[AT5G46760] PlantCoding MYC3 fc00403 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Transcription factor MYC3 AT5G46760 MYC3|NPR1 Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) MYC3[AT5G46760],NPR1[AT1G64280] MYC4|NPR1 Complex Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) MYC4[AT4G17880],NPR1[AT1G64280] MYC4[AT4G17880] PlantCoding MYC4 fc00402 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Transcription factor MYC4 AT4G17880 CPI8[SOTUB03G015970.1.1] PlantCoding CPI8 fc00404 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Cysteine protease inhibitor 8 SOTUB03G015970.1.1 MC[SOTUB06G030610.1.1] PlantCoding MC fc00405 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Cysteine proteinase inhibitor SOTUB06G030610.1.1 ADH1[AT1G77120] PlantCoding ADH1 fc00406 alcohol dehydrogenase 1 AT1G77120 ERF-VII[AT1G53910,AT1G72360,AT2G47520,AT3G14230,AT3G16770] PlantCoding ERF-VII fc00400 Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Hormone - Ethylene (ET) Group VII ethylene response factors AT1G72360,AT2G47520,AT1G53910,AT3G14230,AT3G16770 CNGC2[AT5G15410] PlantCoding CNGC2 fc00407 Cyclic nucleotide-regulated ion channel family protein AT5G15410 GAI|GI Complex GI[AT1G22770],DELLA[AT1G14920,AT1G66350,AT2G01570,AT3G03450,AT5G17490] GI[AT1G22770] PlantCoding GI fc00408 gigantea protein (GI) AT1G22770 GI|PIF4 Complex GI[AT1G22770],PIF4[AT2G43010] PIF4[AT2G43010] PlantCoding PIF4 fc00409 phytochrome interacting factor 4 AT2G43010 P5C Metabolite Primary metabolism - Amino-acids,Stress - Drought 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate chebi:17388,pubchem:11966181,metacyc:l-delta1-pyrroline_5-carboxylate Proline accumulation Process Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Stress - Drought,Primary metabolism - Amino-acids Phenotype response to water deficit PROC1[AT5G14800] PlantCoding PROC1 fc00411 pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C) reductase AT5G14800 MYB2[AT2G47190] PlantCoding MYB2 fc00412 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Hormone - Cytokinins (CK) myb domain protein 2 kegg:k09422 AT2G47190 ATAF1[AT1G01720] PlantCoding ATAF1 fc00413 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein AT1G01720 PTP1a[SOTUB06G024510.1.1] PlantCoding PTP1a fc00419 Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 SOTUB06G024510.1.1 MKK1[SOTUB12G010200.1.1] PlantCoding MKK1 fc00417 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs) Protein kinase SOTUB12G010200.1.1 NAC92[AT5G39610] PlantCoding NAC92 fc00418 Signalling - Senescence Signalling - Senescence NAC domain containing protein 6 AT5G39610 EIN3|NPR1 Complex NPR1[AT1G64280],EIN3(like)[AT2G27050,AT3G20770] HY5[AT5G11260] PlantCoding HY5 fc00421 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Regulation - Transcription & Translation Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein AT5G11260 InsP5 Metabolite Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) soluble inositol pentakisphosphate pubchem:482,kegg:c15991,chebi:57733 ITPK1[AT5G16760] PlantCoding ITPK1 fc00427 Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Inositol 1%2C3%2C4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase family protein metacyc:at5g16760,kegg:k00913 AT5G16760 InsP4 Metabolite Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) InsP6 Metabolite Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) soluble inositol pentakisphosphate 6 chebi:58130,pubchem:21584050,kegg:75678 IPK1[AT5G42810] PlantCoding IPK1 fc00428 Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase 1 pubchem:834292,metacyc:at5g42810,kegg:k19786 AT5G42810 InsP7 Metabolite Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) soluble inositol pentakisphosphate chebi:30164,kegg:c11526 CDK|RAP2-6 Complex CDK[AT5G63610],RAP2-6[AT1G43160] RAP2-6[AT1G43160] PlantCoding RAP2-6 fc00429 related to AP2 6 AT1G43160 RAP2-6|SNRK2 Complex RAP2-6[AT1G43160],SNRK2[AT1G10940,AT1G78290,AT4G33950,SOTUB02G032470.1.1] InsP8 Metabolite Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) soluble inositol pentakisphosphate VIH1[AT5G15070] PlantCoding VIH1 fc00430 Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Signalling - Phospho-inosytol-phosphate (PIP) Phosphoglycerate mutase-like family protein kegg:at5g15070 AT5G15070 CDG1[AT3G26940] PlantCoding CDG1 fc00434 Protein kinase superfamily protein AT3G26940 HSP70[AT3G12580] PlantCoding HSP70 fc00433 HSP70-4 is present in leaf, localised to cytoplasm, and heat inducible. Addiontal members of the HSP70 family are still to be added to this functional cluster. Signalling - Heat-shock proteins (HSPs),Stress - Heat heat shock protein 70 doi:10.1093/jxb/erab549,pmid:11599561,metacyc:eg10241 AT3G12580 HSP70|HSP90|SGT1 Complex HSP70,HSP90,SGT1 ENDO1[AT1G11190] PlantCoding ENDO1 fc00431 Signalling - Senescence Signalling - Senescence bifunctional nuclease i AT1G11190 CML12[AT2G41100] PlantCoding CML12 fc00435 Signalling - Calcium,Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Calcium-binding EF hand family protein AT2G41100 CML12|PID Complex CML12[AT2G41100],PID[AT2G34650] PID[AT2G34650] PlantCoding PID fc00436 Protein kinase superfamily protein AT2G34650 PBP1[AT5G54490] PlantCoding PBP1 fc00437 pinoid-binding protein 1 AT5G54490 PBP1|PID Complex PBP1[AT5G54490],PID[AT2G34650] KRP1[AT4G27280] PlantCoding KRP1 fc00438 Signalling - Calcium,Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein AT4G27280 CMI1|ICR1 Complex KRP1[AT4G27280],ICR1[AT1G17140] ICR1[AT1G17140] PlantCoding ICR1 fc00439 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) interactor of constitutive active rops 1 AT1G17140 miR398b[AT5G14545] PlantCoding miR398b fc00441 Stress - Heat Stress - Heat microRNA 398B AT5G14545 HSFA1b[AT5G16820] PlantCoding HSFA1b fc00440 Stress - Heat Stress - Heat heat shock factor 3 AT5G16820 NGA1[AT2G46870] PlantCoding NGA1 fc00442 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Stress - Drought AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein AT2G46870 BGLU18[AT1G52400] PlantCoding BGLU18 fc00443 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA),Stress - Drought beta glucosidase 18 kegg:k14595 AT1G52400 ABA-GE Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Abscisic acid glucose ester chebi:22151,pubchem:47205283,kegg:c15970 8′ OH-ABA Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-Hydroxyl ABA chebi:20805,pubchem:17396506,kegg:c15514 CYP707A3[AT5G45340] PlantCoding CYP707A3 fc00444 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Cytochrome P450, family 707, subfamily A, polypeptide 3 kegg:k09843 AT5G45340 Phaseic acid Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Phaseic acid chebi:28205,pubchem:5281527,kegg:c09707 DPA Metabolite Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Dihydrophaseic acid chebi:23757,pubchem:138319162,metacyc:cpd-7726,kegg:c15971 PAR[unknown] PlantAbstract PAR fc00445 Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Hormone - Abscisic acid (ABA) Phaseic acid reductase oxIAA Metabolite Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid chebi:133221,pubchem:3080590,metacyc:2-oxindole-3-acetic-acid,kegg:c22202 DAO1[AT1G14130] PlantCoding DAO1 fc00446 Hormone - Auxins (AUX) Hormone - Auxins (AUX) 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein AT1G14130 UGT79B2[AT4G27560] PlantCoding UGT79B2 fc00448 Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein AT4G27560 DREB1B[AT4G25490] PlantCoding DREB1B fc00449 Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1 AT4G25490 UGT79B3[AT4G27570] PlantCoding UGT79B3 fc00450 Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins Secondary metabolism - Anthocyanins UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein AT4G27570 12-OH-JA Metabolite Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) 12-hydroxyjasmonate chebi:133220,pubchem:44123344,metacyc:cpd-11260,kegg:c21385 FMO1[AT1G19250] PlantCoding FMO1 fc00454 flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 AT1G19250 ROP9|SlRBOHB Complex ROP9[SOLYC03G114070.3.1],RBOHB [SOLYC03G117980.3.1] RBOHB [SOLYC03G117980.3.1] PlantCoding RBOHB fc00453 whitefly-induced gp91-phox SOLYC03G117980.3.1 ROP9[SOLYC03G114070.3.1] PlantCoding ROP9 fc00452 Rac-like small GTP-binding protein SOLYC03G114070.3.1 ALD1[AT2G13810] PlantCoding ALD1 fc00455 Hormone - Pipecolic acid Hormone - Pipecolic acid AGD2-like defense response protein 1 AT2G13810 FKBP42|HSP90 Complex FKBP42[AT3G21640],HSP90[AT2G04030,AT3G07770,AT4G24190,AT5G52640,AT5G56000,AT5G56010,AT5G56030] FKBP42[AT3G21640] PlantCoding FKBP42 fc00457 FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family protein AT3G21640 ADR1[AT1G33560] PlantCoding ADR1 fc00458 ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 AT1G33560 ADR1-L1[AT4G33300] PlantCoding ADR1-L1 fc00459 ADR1-like 1 AT4G33300 ADR1-L2[AT5G04720] PlantCoding ADR1-L2 fc00460 ADR1-like 2 AT5G04720 FKBP42|CAM Complex FKBP42[AT3G21640],CAM1[AT5G37780] CAM1[AT5G37780] PlantCoding CAM1 fc00461 calmodulin 1 AT5G37780 MPK7[SOTUB08G028940.1.1] PlantCoding MPK7 fc00456 Mitogen-activated protein kinase SOTUB08G028940.1.1 ELF3[AT2G25930] PlantCoding ELF3 fc00462 Signalling - Circadian rhythm,Stress - Heat hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein AT2G25930 PHOR1[SOTUB04G023130.1.1] PlantCoding PHOR1 fc00447 Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) Hormone - Gibberellin (GA) U-box domain-containing protein SOTUB04G023130.1.1 CBL1|CIPK1 Complex CBL1[AT4G17615],CIPK1[AT3G17510] CIPK1[AT3G17510] PlantCoding CIPK1 fc00465 CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 AT3G17510 CBL1[AT4G17615] PlantCoding CBL1 fc00464 calcineurin B-like protein 1 AT4G17615 CBL9|CIPK1 Complex CBL9[AT5G47100],CIPK1[AT3G17510] CBL9[AT5G47100] PlantCoding CBL9 fc00466 calcineurin B-like protein 9 AT5G47100 SERK4[AT2G13790] PlantCoding SERK4 fc00467 somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 4 AT2G13790 GB1[AT4G34460] PlantCoding GB1 fc00468 GTP binding protein beta 1 AT4G34460 PUB13[AT3G46510] PlantCoding PUB13 fc00469 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination plant U-box 13 AT3G46510 WRKY40[AT1G80840] PlantCoding WRKY40 fc00470 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 AT1G80840 WRKY60[AT2G25000] PlantCoding WRKY60 fc00471 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation WRKY DNA-binding protein 60 AT2G25000 NUDT6[AT2G04450] PlantCoding NUDT6 fc00472 nudix hydrolase homolog 6 AT2G04450 NUDT7[AT4G12720] PlantCoding NUDT7 fc00473 ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA NUDIX HYDROLASE HOMOLOG 7 AT4G12720 MLO2[AT1G11310] PlantCoding MLO2 fc00474 MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 2 AT1G11310 BON1[AT5G61900] PlantCoding BON1 fc00475 Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding Copine family protein AT5G61900 BAP1[AT3G61190] PlantCoding BAP1 fc00476 BON association protein 1 AT3G61190 BAP2[AT2G45760] PlantCoding BAP2 fc00477 BON association protein 2 AT2G45760 PHYB[AT2G18790] PlantCoding PHYB fc00478 phytochrome B AT2G18790 FKBP62|HSP90.1 Complex FKBP62[AT3G25230],HSP90[AT2G04030,AT3G07770,AT4G24190,AT5G52640,AT5G56000,AT5G56010,AT5G56030] FKBP62[AT3G25230] PlantCoding FKBP62 fc00479 Stress - Heat Stress - Heat rotamase FKBP 1 pubchem:822117,kegg:k09571 AT3G25230 CBL1|CIPK23 Complex CBL1[AT4G17615],CIPK23[AT1G30270] CIPK23[AT1G30270] PlantCoding CIPK23 fc00480 Signalling - Calcium,Stress - Drought CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 AT1G30270 CBL9|CIPK23 Complex CBL9[AT5G47100],CIPK23[AT1G30270] ABF1|IDD14 Complex IDD14[AT1G68130],AREB/ABF[AT1G45249,AT1G49720,AT3G19290,AT4G34000] IDD14[AT1G68130] PlantCoding IDD14 fc00481 indeterminate(ID)-domain 14 AT1G68130 ABF2|IDD14 Complex IDD14[AT1G68130],AREB/ABF[AT1G45249,AT1G49720,AT3G19290,AT4G34000] ABF3|IDD14 Complex IDD14[AT1G68130],AREB/ABF[AT1G45249,AT1G49720,AT3G19290,AT4G34000] ABF4|IDD14 Complex IDD14[AT1G68130],AREB/ABF[AT1G45249,AT1G49720,AT3G19290,AT4G34000] HSFA1d|PIF4 Complex HSFA1d[AT1G32330],PIF4[AT2G43010] HSFA1d[AT1G32330] PlantCoding HSFA1d fc00482 heat shock transcription factor A1d AT1G32330 PHYA[AT1G09570] PlantCoding PHYA fc00483 phytochrome A AT1G09570 red light ForeignAbiotic red light ABI4|RGL2 Complex DELLA[AT1G14920,AT1G66350,AT2G01570,AT3G03450,AT5G17490],ABI4[AT2G40220] ABI4[AT2G40220] PlantCoding ABI4 fc00484 Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein AT2G40220 ABI5[AT2G36270] PlantCoding ABI5 fc00485 Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein AT2G36270 ABI5|HY5 Complex HY5[AT5G11260],ABI5[AT2G36270] CBL2|Ca2+ Complex CBL2[AT5G55990],Ca2+ CBL2[AT5G55990] PlantCoding CBL2 fc00486 Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium calcineurin B-like protein 2 AT5G55990 CBL3|Ca2+ Complex CBL3[AT4G26570],Ca2+ CBL3[AT4G26570] PlantCoding CBL3 fc00487 Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium calcineurin B-like 3 AT4G26570 DREB1D[AT5G51990] PlantCoding DREB1D fc00488 C-repeat-binding factor 4 AT5G51990 SRK2D[AT3G50500] PlantCoding SRK2D fc00489 SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 AT3G50500 SPCH[AT5G53210] PlantCoding SPCH fc00490 Signalling - Growth Signalling - Growth basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein AT5G53210 SRK2I[AT5G66880] PlantCoding SRK2I fc00491 sucrose nonfermenting 1(SNF1)-related protein kinase 2.3 AT5G66880 NPF3.1[PGSC0003DMG400025395] PlantCoding NPF3.1 fc00492 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation Nitrate transporter PGSC0003DMG400025395 NR[NITRATE REDUCTASE] PlantCoding NR fc00494 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation nitrate reductase NITRATE REDUCTASE CAX1[AT2G38170] PlantCoding CAX1 fc00493 Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium cation exchanger 1 AT2G38170 CAX3[AT3G51860] PlantCoding CAX3 fc00495 Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium cation exchanger 3 AT3G51860 ORE1SO2[SOLTU.DM.02G031550] PlantCoding ORE1SO2 fc00496 Regulation - Transcription & Translation Regulation - Transcription & Translation ORESARA1 SOLTU.DM.02G031550 CBL2|CIPK3|Ca2+ Complex CBL2|Ca2+,CIPK3[AT2G26980] CIPK3[AT2G26980] PlantCoding CIPK3 fc00498 CBL-interacting protein kinase 3 AT2G26980 CBL2|CIPK9|Ca2+ Complex CBL2|Ca2+,CIPK9[AT1G01140] CIPK9[AT1G01140] PlantCoding CIPK9 fc00499 CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 AT1G01140 CBL2|CIPK26|Ca2+ Complex CBL2|Ca2+,CIPK26[AT5G21326] CIPK26[AT5G21326] PlantCoding CIPK26 fc00500 Ca2+regulated serine-threonine protein kinase family protein AT5G21326 CBL3|CIPK3|Ca2+ Complex CBL3|Ca2+,CIPK3[AT2G26980] CBL3|CIPK9|Ca2+ Complex CBL3|Ca2+,CIPK9[AT1G01140] CBL3|CIPK26|Ca2+ Complex CBL3|Ca2+,CIPK26[AT5G21326] PR1|cholesterol Complex PR1[AT2G14580,AT2G14610,SOTUB09G006090.1.1,SOTUB09G006100.1.1,SOTUB09G006110.1.1],cholesterol cholesterol Metabolite Phytophthora ForeignEntity oomycete CBL2|CIPK3 Complex CBL2[AT5G55990],CIPK3[AT2G26980] CBL2|CIPK9 Complex CBL2[AT5G55990],CIPK9[AT1G01140] CBL2|CIPK23 Complex CBL2[AT5G55990],CIPK23[AT1G30270] CBL2|CIPK26 Complex CBL2[AT5G55990],CIPK26[AT5G21326] CBL3|CIPK3 Complex CBL3[AT4G26570],CIPK3[AT2G26980] CBL3|CIPK9 Complex CBL3[AT4G26570],CIPK9[AT1G01140] CBL3|CIPK23 Complex CBL3[AT4G26570],CIPK23[AT1G30270] CBL3|CIPK26 Complex CBL3[AT4G26570],CIPK26[AT5G21326] TIC56 ForeignCoding Signalling - Tuberisation Signalling - Tuberisation GYF_2 domain-containing protein n=1 other bHLH93[SOLTU.DM.02G007350] PlantCoding bHLH93 fc00501 Signalling - Tuberisation Signalling - Tuberisation Putative transcription factor bHLH93-like n=1 SOLTU.DM.02G007350 DXR[AT5G62790] PlantCoding DXR fc00502 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase AT5G62790 PIF1[AT2G20180] PlantCoding PIF1 fc00503 phytochrome interacting factor 3-like 5 AT2G20180 PIF3-TOC1-SP6A complex Complex PIF3,4[SOTUB01G039200.1.1],SP6A[SOLTU.DM.05G026370.1] SP6A[SOLTU.DM.05G026370.1] PlantCoding SP6A fc00505 Signalling - Tuberisation Signalling - Tuberisation PEBP SOLTU.DM.05G026370.1 PIF3,4[SOTUB01G039200.1.1] PlantCoding PIF3,4 fc00504 Signalling - Tuberisation Signalling - Tuberisation BHLH transcription factor SOTUB01G039200.1.1 CLAMT[AT4G36470] PlantCoding CLAMT fc00508 Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) Hormone - Strigolactones (SL) S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein AT4G36470 BN2[SOTUB04G034100.1.1] PlantCoding BN2 fc00279 Bifunctional nuclease-2 Regulation - Silencing Regulation - Silencing SEC14-like protein; Bifunctional nuclease-2 gmm:20.2.4 SOTUB04G034100.1.1 MKK2[AT4G29810] PlantCoding MKK2 fc00510 MAP kinase kinase 2 AT4G29810 Photosynthesis Process Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Primary metabolism - Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process in which energy from sunlight is harvested and used to fix CO2 into carbohydrates. During photosynthesis the solar energy is trapped by light-harvesting complexes, and used to split a donor molecule, generating high potential electrons that are channeled to NADP+, forming NADPH, which can be used to reduce CO2. metacyc:photoall-pwy,kegg:ath00195 CBL4|Ca2+ Complex CBL4[AT5G24270],Ca2+ CBL4[AT5G24270] PlantCoding CBL4 fc00511 Signalling - Calcium Signalling - Calcium Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein AT5G24270 CBL4|CIPK24 Complex CBL4[AT5G24270],CIPK24[AT5G35410] CIPK24[AT5G35410] PlantCoding CIPK24 fc00512 Protein kinase superfamily protein AT5G35410 CPK27[AT4G04700] PlantCoding CPK27 fc00513 calcium-dependent protein kinase 27 AT4G04700 CPK3[AT4G23650] PlantCoding CPK3 fc00514 calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 AT4G23650 PHYB-PIF3 Complex PIF3,4[AT1G09530,SOTUB07G016670.1.1] SnRK2.10[AT1G60940] PlantCoding SnRK2.10 fc00516 SNF1-related protein kinase 2.10 AT1G60940 HOP3[AT4G12400] PlantCoding HOP3 fc00517 Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) Hormone - Jasmonate (JA) stress-inducible protein gmm:20.2.1 AT4G12400 NRG1.1[AT5G66900.1] PlantCoding NRG1.1 fc00451 N REQUIREMENT GENE 1.1 AT5G66900.1 WRKY50[AT5G26170,SOTUB04G021760.1.1] PlantCoding WRKY50 fc00228 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) WRKY family transcription factor 50 AT5G26170 SOTUB04G021760.1.1 WRKY50|TGA2 Complex WRKY50[AT5G26170,SOTUB04G021760.1.1] bZIP61[SOTUB07G024520.1.1] PlantCoding bZIP61 fc00518 BZIP transcription factor family protein gmm:27.3.35 SOTUB07G024520.1.1 NPR3L[SOTUB02G015550.1.1] PlantCoding NPR3L fc00519 NPR3L (called StNPR3/4), has been found to interact with TGAs (Tomaž, 2023). NPR1-2 protein (Fragment) gmm:27.3.61,doi:10.1093/plphys/kiac579 SOTUB02G015550.1.1 ICS1[SOTUB06G027020.1.1] PlantCoding ICS1 fc00520 Isochorismate synthase gmm:18.5.2.1 SOTUB06G027020.1.1 MIZ1[AT2G41660] PlantCoding MIZ1 fc00521 MIZU-KUSSEI-like protein (Protein of unknown function%2C DUF617) gmm:35.2 AT2G41660 CPK12|GRF8 Complex GRF8[AT5G65430],CPK12[AT5G23580] CPK12[AT5G23580] PlantCoding CPK12 fc00523 calmodulin-like domain protein kinase 9 gmm:30.3 AT5G23580 GRF8[AT5G65430] PlantCoding GRF8 fc00522 general regulatory factor 8 gmm:30.7 AT5G65430 TPK1[AT5G55630] PlantCoding TPK1 fc00524 Outward rectifying potassium channel protein gmm:34.15 AT5G55630 CIPK6|AKT1 Complex AKT1[AT2G26650],CIPK6[AT4G30960] CIPK6[AT4G30960] PlantCoding CIPK6 fc00526 SOS3-interacting protein 3 gmm:29.4 AT4G30960 AKT1[AT2G26650] PlantCoding AKT1 fc00525 K+ transporter 1 gmm:34.15 AT2G26650 CIPK16|AKT1 Complex AKT1[AT2G26650],CIPK16[AT2G25090] CIPK16[AT2G25090] PlantCoding CIPK16 fc00527 CBL-interacting protein kinase 16 gmm:29.4 AT2G25090 CIPK23|AKT1 Complex CIPK23[AT1G30270],AKT1[AT2G26650] CIPK6|CBL1 Complex CIPK6[AT4G30960],CBL1[AT4G17615] CIPK6|CBL2 Complex CIPK6[AT4G30960],CBL2[AT5G55990] CIPK6|CBL3 Complex CIPK6[AT4G30960],CBL3[AT4G26570] CIPK6|CBL9 Complex CIPK6[AT4G30960],CBL9[AT5G47100] CIPK16|CBL1 Complex CIPK16[AT2G25090],CBL1[AT4G17615] CIPK16|CBL2 Complex CIPK16[AT2G25090],CBL2[AT5G55990] CIPK16|CBL3 Complex CIPK16[AT2G25090],CBL3[AT4G26570] CIPK16|CBL9 Complex CIPK16[AT2G25090],CBL9[AT5G47100] AKT1|AIP1 Complex AKT1[AT2G26650],AIP1[AT1G07430] AIP1[AT1G07430] PlantCoding AIP1 fc00528 highly ABA-induced PP2C protein 2 gmm:17.1.2 AT1G07430 CIPK23|AIP1 Complex CIPK23[AT1G30270],AIP1[AT1G07430] CIPK8|CBL1 Complex CIPK8[AT4G24400],CBL1[AT4G17615] CIPK8[AT4G24400] PlantCoding CIPK8 fc00529 CBL-interacting protein kinase 8 gmm:29.4.1 AT4G24400 CIPK8|CBL5 Complex CIPK8[AT4G24400],CBL5[AT4G01420] CBL5[AT4G01420] PlantCoding CBL5 fc00530 calcineurin B-like protein 5 gmm:30.3 AT4G01420 CIPK8|CBL10 Complex CIPK8[AT4G24400],CBL10[AT4G33000] CBL10[AT4G33000] PlantCoding CBL10 fc00531 calcineurin B-like protein 10 gmm:30.3 AT4G33000 SOS1[AT2G01980] PlantCoding SOS1 fc00532 sodium proton exchanger (NHX7) (SOS1) gmm:34.14 AT2G01980 CIPK24|CBL10 Complex CIPK24[AT5G35410],CBL10[AT4G33000] CBL10|Ca2+ Complex CBL10[AT4G33000],Ca2+ NPR1-EDS1 Complex EDS1[AT3G48090],NPR1[AT1G64280] WRKY70|Ub Complex WRKY70[AT3G56400] NPR1|CUL3 Complex Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016 NPR1,CUL3 NPR1|CUL3A Complex NPR1[AT1G64280],CUL3A[AT1G26830] CUL3A[AT1G26830] PlantCoding CUL3A fc00533 Degradation - Ubiquitination Degradation - Ubiquitination cullin 3 kegg:k03869,gmm:29.5.11.4.5.1 AT1G26830 EDS1-WRKY18 Complex EDS1[AT3G48090] NRG1.1-EDS1 Complex NRG1.1[AT5G66900.1],EDS1[AT3G48090] TNL-effector ForeignCoding Stress - Biotic Stress - Biotic doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23614-x other Benzyl alcohol Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Benzyl alcohol kegg:c00556,doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf241 ADH[unknown] PlantAbstract ADH fc00534 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Alcohol dehydrogenase kegg:k00055,doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf241 BB Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Benzyl benzoate kegg:c12537,doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9 BEBT[SOLYC07G049660] PlantCoding BEBT fc00535 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) benzoyl-CoA: benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9 SOLYC07G049660 BS Metabolite Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Benzyl Salicylate pubchem:8363 BBH[AT5G07990] PlantCoding BBH fc00536 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Cytochrome P450 enzyme benzylbenzoate hydroxylase doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9 AT5G07990 BSE[AT5G16080] PlantCoding BSE fc00537 Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Hormone - Salicylic acid (SA) Benzylsalicylate esterase doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9 AT5G16080 BAG3[AT5G07220] PlantCoding BAG3 fc00538 BCL-2-associated athanogene 3 gmm:29.6.2 AT5G07220 AtMC4[AT1G79340] PlantCoding AtMC4 fc00539 metacaspase 4 gmm:29.5 AT1G79340 EDR1[AT1G08720] PlantCoding EDR1 fc00540 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs),Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Stress - Biotic Protein kinase superfamily protein gmm:29.4,doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 AT1G08720 PP2AB1[AT1G51690] PlantCoding PP2AB1 fc00541 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs),Signalling - Perception and resistance genes,Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Stress - Biotic protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform gmm:29.4,doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 AT1G51690 MPK15[AT1G73670] PlantCoding MPK15 fc00542 Signalling - MAP kinases (MAPKs),Hormone - Jasmonate (JA),Stress - Biotic MAP kinase 15 gmm:29.4,doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf285 AT1G73670